Energy Reactions In Cells

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

Set of processes that derive energy and raw materials from food and use them for repair, growth and activity of tissues of the body to sustain life

Question 2

How are metabolic pathways seperated?

Answer 2

Some in all cells
Some restricted to some cells
Some restricted to compartments

Question 3

What are catabolic pathways?
How are they related to energy?
Oxidative or reductive?

Answer 3

Break down larger molecules into smaller ones
Release free energy
Oxidative

Question 4

What are anabolic pathways?
How are they related to energy?
Oxidative or reductive?

Answer 4

Synthesise large components from intermediary metabolites
Use energy from catabolism
Reductive

Question 5

What is gibs free energy?

Answer 5

Useful energy

Question 6

Key point about exergonic reactions

Answer 6

Only reactions that occur spontaneously

Question 7

If ATP is NOT a carrier what is it?
Why?

Answer 7

A store
Limited amount of ADP

Question 8

Why is ATP energy release controlled?

Answer 8

Stable in the absence of specific catalysts

Question 9

What is AMP?

Answer 9

Has one phosphate group

Question 10

Components of ATP

Answer 10

Three phosphate groups
Ribose sugar
Adenine

Question 11

Why is AMP important?

Answer 11

Increases ATP production by glycolysis

Activates ATP dependent kinase that regulates gene expression

Question 12

What is the enzyme that catalyses 2ADP > ATP + AMP

Answer 12

Adenylate kinase

Question 13

What is creatine phosphate?

Answer 13

The main high-energy, phosphate-storage molecule of muscle

Question 14

Give a reaction including creatine and ATP
Give the catalyst

Answer 14

Creatine + ATP > Creatine Phosphate + ADP
Creatine kinase - catalyst

Question 15

How does a creatine phosphate work?

Answer 15

[ATP] high, leads to creatine phosphate formation
[ATP] low, leads to ATP formation

Question 16

What does a cytosolic enzyme mean?

Answer 16

Appears in blood after cell damage

Question 17

What is creatine kinase formed from?

Answer 17

Two subunits - M and B
Can be MM, BB or MB

Question 18

How is creatinine produced?

Answer 18

Breakdown product of creatine and creatine phosphate

Spontaneous reaction at a constant rate

Question 19

What does creatinine show (3)?

Answer 19

• kidney function (excreted via kidneys)
• excretion per 24hours is proportional to muscle mass - measure of muscle mass
• urine dilution

Question 20

What type of food has the most energy?

Answer 20

Fats

Question 21

What is energy measured in?

Answer 21

KiloJoules

Question 22

Order carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the amount of energy

Answer 22

Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins

Question 23

What is the main form of energy in cells?

Answer 23

Chemical bonds

Question 24

Where is creatine broken down?
Into what?

Answer 24

Kidneys
Creatinine

Question 25

What stimulates more ATP production?
Give an example of a catabolic process to make ATP

Answer 25

When ATP conc decreases

2ADP>ATP+AMP (adenylate kinase)

Question 26

Which phosphate group is hydrolysed in ATP?

Answer 26

Gamma phosphate (y)

Question 27

Which molecule can be used to replenish ATP from ADP?

Answer 27

Phosphocreatine