Energy pg 125-145

Question 1

What is renewable energy?

Answer 1

Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human time scale.

Question 2

Give 4 examples of renewable energy sources:

Answer 2

• sunlight (solar)
• wind
• rain
• geothermal heat
• tides
• waves

Question 3

Define non-renewable energy:

Answer 3

Energy that will eventually be used up.

Question 4

Give 3 examples of non-renewable energy sources:

Answer 4

• coal
• oil
• gas

Question 5

Why should we use renewable energy sources rather than non-renewable sources?

Answer 5

• save non-renewable energy sources
• renewable energy sources are better for the environment
• helps slow down global warming

Question 6

Water (renewable/non-renewable)

Answer 6

Renewable

Question 7

Solar (renewable/non-renewable)

Answer 7

Renewable

Question 8

Nuclear (renewable/non-renewable)

Answer 8

Non-renewable

Question 9

Fossil fuels (renewable/non-renewable)

Answer 9

Non-renewable

Question 10

What are the different types of energy?

Answer 10

• potential energy

* kinetic energy

Question 11

What are the kinds of potential energy?

Answer 11

# elastic potential energy 
# chemical potential energy 
# Gravitational potential energy

Question 12

What is energy?

Answer 12

The ability for a system to do work

Question 13

What is the kinetic energy formula?

Answer 13

KE = 1/2 m.v squared
M=mass
V=speed/velocity

NB: Only square the velocity- it’s not mass x velocity, then the answer squared, it’s mass x (v^2)

Question 14

What is a energy system?

Answer 14

An energy system is a system that transfers energy, a group of parts that work together.

Question 15

What unit is energy measured in?

Answer 15

Joules

Question 16

What is a mechanical system?

Answer 16

A mechanical system uses forces and movement to do a specific task. We can use machines and tools to do work for us.

Question 17

What is a thermal system?

Answer 17

Thermal energy is energy produced by heat. Energy is transferred between the different parts of a thermal system.

Question 18

What is temperature?

Answer 18

How hot or cold an object is.

Question 19

What happens to the particles of a substance when heated?

Answer 19

When a substance is heated, the particles move faster and faster. The movement causes the temperature of the substance to rise.

Question 20

What is a electrical system?

Answer 20

If a battery is connected to a closed circuit, electric currents will flow. The battery stores chemical potential energy. Chemical reactions inside the battery supply charges that can move through electrical wires.

Question 21

What is electrical current?

Answer 21

Electric current is the movement of charges through electric wires.

Question 22

What is a biological system?

Answer 22

All living organisms require energy for their vital processes, such as respiration and digestion. Biological energy originates from the sun and its stored in animals and plants in the form of chemical energy.

Question 23

How is the energy from the sun converted to chemical energy by plants?

Answer 23

Photosynthesis

Question 24

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 24

Energy that an object has because it is moving.

Question 25

What is potential energy?

Answer 25

Energy stored in an object or system.

Question 26

What is elastic potential energy?

Answer 26

Energy stored in a stretched or compressed object. The amount of energy stored in a system depends on the stretch or compress.

Question 27

What is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 27

Stored energy due to the position of an object. (Height above the ground)

Question 28

What is chemical potential energy?

Answer 28

Energy stored in bonds between atoms, or particles in substances such as food and fuel. In order for this energy to be released a chemical reaction needs to take place.

Question 29

What is the potential energy formula?

Answer 29

PE = MxGxH
…. or NxH
N = newtons
G = 9.8 (10)

Question 30

If a pillow is lying on the floor, what is the potential energy?

Answer 30

• if it is on the floor that means that the height is 0.
• no matter what the gravity and mass of the pillow is the PE will be 0J
• anything multiplied by 0 is 0

Question 31

What are fossil fuels?

Answer 31

Fossil fuels are fuels that were made from living matter from long ago. Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources which means that they can be used up. Eg. oil, coal, gas

Question 32

What is nuclear energy?

Answer 32

Nuclear energy is energy in the core of an atom (nucleus). Nuclear energy can be released in nuclear fusion or nuclear fission. Nuclear energy is mainly used to make electricity.

Question 33

How did oil and natural gas form?

Answer 33

Natural gas and oil were formed millions of years ago when dead organisms sunk to the bottom of the ocean and were then covered with layers of rock. Because of intense heat and pressure, these organisms became gas/oil over millions of years. Gases and oil are mined and the used for their energy.

Question 34

Explain the process when a horse eats grass (biological system)

Answer 34

The grass that the horse eats has stored chemical potential energy, the grass got the chemical energy from the sun using photosynthesis.
When the horse eats the grass, the energy from the grass is transferred to the horses body. The horse can then use this energy to move, which means the potential energy will change to kinetic energy.

Question 35

What is the law of conservation of energy? ( pg 142 in textbook)

Answer 35

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created, nor can it be destroyed, but can be transferred from one system to another, or converted from one form to another.