Energy, Metabolism And Nutrients

Question 1

How is energy related to success in athletic competition?

Answer 1

Dependent upon the ability to provide energy for muscle contraction

Question 2

What is ATP resynthesis?

Answer 2

When cells replenish their supply of ATP after it has been using during turnover

Anaerobic (fast)
Aerobic (slow)

Question 3

Talk about Power vs Capacity in relation to energy systems (short distance)?

Answer 3

Since the intramuscular stores of ATP are small, ATP must be regenerated at a rate sufficient to sustain the level of contractile activity

Question 4

Metabolism during sprinting- as time increases what happens to the ATP, PCr and glycolysis system?

Answer 4

• ATP and PCr decrease
• Glycolysis goes up until 10 seconds then starts to decline

Question 5

Energy systems: Power vs capacity (long distance)?

Answer 5

At exercise intensities that can be sustained for more than a few minutes, most ATP requirements are met through aerobic metabolism

Question 6

Examples of fuels for aerobic metabolism?

Answer 6

• Triglyceride-> Fatty acids
• Glycogen or glucose-> Pyruvate
• Protein-> amino acids-> Ketogenic acids

Question 7

What is the influence of exercise intensity on other fat sources, plasma FFA, plasma glucose and muscle glycogen?

Answer 7

• Other fat sources increases then decreases
• Plasma FFA increases then decreases at 55%
• Plasma Glucose increases then decreases at 55%
• Muscle glycogen increases from 40% intensity all the way up to 75% intensity

Question 8

What is the influence of exercise duration on energy expenditure of Muscle triglycerides, plasma FFA, Blood glucose and muscle glycogen?

Answer 8

• Muscle triglycerides decreases
• Plasma FFA increases
• Blood glucose decreases at the 4 hour mark
• Muscle glycogen decreases to 0% after 4 hours of exercise

Question 9

What is the breakdown of carbohydrate stores for a 70kg man?

Answer 9

• Blood glucose 3-5g
• Liver glycogen 80-100g
• Muscle glycogen 300-400g

Question 10

What is the breakdown of fat stores for a typical 70kg man?

Answer 10

• Adipose tissue 3.5-14kg
• Muscle triglyceride 200-500g

Question 11

Give three uses for food and nutrients? (Energy, metabolism, growth)

Answer 11

• Provision of energy
• Regulation of metabolism
• Promotion of growth and development

Question 12

Examples of macronutrients?

Answer 12

Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
Water

Question 13

Examples of micronutrients?

Answer 13

Vitamins
Minerals
Trace elements

Question 14

Uses of carbohydrates? (Activity, system, energy intake)

Answer 14

• Physical activity
• Central nervous system
• 60% of energy intake

Question 15

Carbohydrate-rich foods?

Answer 15

• Sugars (simple carbohydrates), fruits, sweets, sports drinks, honey
• Starches, cereal, potatoes, pasta, rice, bread
• Fibre, whole-grain cereals and bread, oats, fruits and vegetables

Question 16

Types of carbohydrate?

Answer 16

Glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose,

Question 17

Need for fats? (Source, organs, vitamin, energy intake)

Answer 17

• Energy source
• Protection of vital organs
• Fat-soluble vitamin intake
• (30% energy intake)

Question 18

Types of fat?

Answer 18

• Triglycerides, fatty acids vary in chain length
• Saturated fatty acid (no double bond)
• Unsaturated fatty acid (one or more double bond)

Question 19

Need for protein? (Provide…, amino acids…, amino acids…, energy intake?)

Answer 19

• Provide structure
• Amino acids help with metabolism of organs and tissues
• Amino acids are precursors for the synthesis of proteins
• 10% of energy intake

Question 20

Essential amino acids?

Answer 20

Leucine
Lysine

Question 21

What is protein quality?

Answer 21

• The more amino acids a protein has the better it is (fish, poultry, eggs, beef, dairy)
• Incomplete protein (beans, peas, lentils, nuts, seeds, vegetables

Question 22

Functions of water? (5 things)

Answer 22

• Nutrient transport
• Protection
• Temperature regulation
• Biochemical reactions
• Medium for reactions

Question 23

How to assess dietary intake?

Answer 23

Diet record
24h recall
Food frequency questionnaire

Question 24

What is the relationship between increasing exercise intensity and carbohydrate oxidation?

Answer 24

Increasing exercise intensity leads to greater carbohydrate oxidation because it generates ATP faster than is possible through fat oxidation