Dietary Supplements

Question 1

How big is the global sports nutrition market size?

Answer 1

Expected to reach 34.5 billion US dollars by 2028

Question 2

What is a dietary supplement?

Answer 2

A product taken by mouth that contains a ‘dietary ingredient’ intended to supplement the diet

Question 3

What forms of supplements are there?

Answer 3

• Enriched foods
• Functional foods
• Sports foods
• Single or multiple nutrient/mineral foods

Question 4

Among 310 competitors at the IAAF World Championships, how many consumed supplements and what were the reasons why? (5 points)

Answer 4

86% consumed supplements

Reasons:
- to aid recovery, 71%
- for health, 52%
- to improve performance, 46%
- to prevent an illness, 40%
- to compensate for a poor diet, 29%

Question 5

What are the costs and benefits of supplementation?

Answer 5

Costs:
- Financial
- Health
- Performance
- Drug test failure

Benefits:
- Performance
- Health
- Insurance policy
- Free samples

Question 6

Talk about anti-doping…

Answer 6

• World Anti-doping Agency (WADA)
• Promotes fairness in sport and protects the health of the athlete
• Positive doping in test is typically 1-2% in elite athletes

Question 7

What is the AIS supplements resource?

Answer 7

A scaling system of supplements

Group A is well researched and permitted for use

Group D is banned and could/will lead to a positive test

Question 8

What are the risks of supplement use?

Answer 8

1. Contamination: Poor quality control in manufacturing and storage
2. Absence or lower than declared levels of ‘actives’
3. Presence of undeclared doping agents
4. Harmful to health/performance

Question 9

What is contamination and what are the chances of it happening?

Answer 9

• Supplements may contain undeclared prohibited substances due to poor manufacturing or deliberate inclusion of ingredients
• Rates of contamination could be as high as 10%-25% with more recent reports being as high as 38%

Question 10

What does it mean if there is a scene or lower than declared levels of ‘actives’?

Answer 10

Often supplements may not contain the actual amount of ingredient stated on the label in the final product, and some do not contain any at all

Question 11

What are the chances of the presence of undeclared doping agents?

Answer 11

• IOC research found 15% from 634 non-hormonal nutrition supplements contained undeclared steroids banned from WADA

Question 12

Examples of sports foods that provide a practical form of energy and nutrients?

Answer 12

Sports drink
Energy drink
Sports gel
Electrolytes
Protein supplement

Question 13

What are Ron Maughan’s rules of dietary supplements for athletes?

Answer 13

1) If it works, it’s probably banned
2) If it’s not banned, then it probably doesn’t work
3) There may be some exception

Question 14

Which supplements are proven to work?

Answer 14

Creatine
Nitrate
Caffeine
Beta-alanine
Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 15

What are some recommendations for supplement consumption? (6 points)

Answer 15

• individual assessment and advice by someone qualified
• Assure quality control to avoid contamination
• Don’t use supplements if normal food can replace it
• Don’t use when there is risk of a positive test
• Research possible warning signs of adverse effects
• Supplements should not be used by young athletes (<18 yr)