energy metabolism Flashcards
what is energy?
the ability or capacity to perform work
what is bioenergetics?
conversion of food into biologically useable forms of energy
what is energy used for?
growth, repair, active transport of substances, muscle action
what is metabolism?
the sum of all chemical and physical processes by which the body breaks down and builds up molecules
what is catabolism?
the process of making smaller molecules from larger ones.
Begins with digestion, repair, replacement etc.
Releases energy
what is anabolism?
the process of making larger molecules from smaller ones
Growth, repair, maintenance etc
Uses energy
What is ATP?
energy used for muscular contractions
how does ATP work?
A phosphate is split from an ATP molecule which generates energy for muscular contractions. This leaves you with ADP. Energy from food creates phosphocreatine which then turns ADP to ATP.
what is ATPase
an enzyme that causes ATP to turn into ADP
what is a hydrolysis reaction?
A large molecule is broken down, with the addition of water. Can sometimes cause both substances and molecules to split into two parts.
what is a condensation reaction?
where two molecules combine to form a single larger molecule. Water is often removed during this reaction.
What is phosphocreatine (PCr)?
A phosphorylated creatine molecule. The bodys reserves of PCr phosphorylate ADP back to ATP.
What intensity exercise is PCr used?
Very short maximal movements (5-8 seconds)
What is anaerobic glycolysis?
Process where glucose is converted to pyruvate to produce energy via glycolysis when limited oxygen available.
Pros of anaerobic glycolysis?
allows energy production when O2 is limited.
Con of anaerobic glycolysis?
Low ATP yield
Production of H+ ions (cause fatigue)
How many carbon compounds are converted in anaerobic glycolysis?
6 carbon compound converted to 3 carbon compound (pyruvate).
What is the net gain of ATP after anaerobic glycolysis?
2 ATP
What is aerobic glycolysis?
Metabolic pathway where carbohydrates go through a series of reactions to form ATP when oxygen is available.
Process of aerobic glycolysis?
Glycogen is converted to glucose creating pyruvate which is then converted to Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA broken down in Krebs cycle creating Co2 and hydrogen and 2 ATP. Hydrogen gets transported to electron transport chain and undergoes chemical reactions to create 32-34 ATP.
How many ATP made at each stage of aerobic glycolysis?
Glycolysis - 2 ATP
Krebs cycle - 2 ATP
Electron transport chain - 32-34 ATP
Total - 36-38 ATP
Where does aerobic glycolysis occur?
Within the mitochondria
How are fatty acids converted into Acetyl CoA?
Fatty acids are converted to Acetyl CoA via beta oxidation, which also occurs in the mitochondria
Do fats or carbs create more ATP?
Fats create larger ATP
