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Biology > Energy & Metabolism > Flashcards

Energy & Metabolism Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy of motion

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2
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy that is held by an object based on its location and or position

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3
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

The first law of Thermodynamics; energy can’t be created or destroyed, only converted

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4
Q

Heat is a type of (potential/kinetic) energy

A

Kinetic

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5
Q

What is entropy?

A

The measure of the amount of disorder/randomness in a system

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6
Q

Consider the example of having a messy room; it takes energy to clean it back up and this process is known as _________

A

Entropy

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7
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy that comes from chemical substances (i.e. food, gasoline and batteries)

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8
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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9
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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10
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The total of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism

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11
Q

What are enzymes usually composed of?

A

Proteins

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12
Q

ATP is made up of what type of macromolecule?

A

Nucleotide (nucleic acid)

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13
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The energy that has to be used in order to start a reaction

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14
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Proteins that act as biological catalysts (help speed up chemical reactions)

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15
Q

The specific molecule that an enzyme acts on is called the _________?

A

Substrate

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16
Q

T/F: Enzyme inhibitors are good for the enzymes they interact with

A

False! These are molecules that can interfere with an enzyme’s function (aka they are imposters)

17
Q

The ____ ____ has a shape and chemistry that that fit the substrate molecule

A

Active site

18
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The process in which higher concentrations of molecules move to areas of lower concentrations

19
Q

T/F: Passive transport requires energy/work from the cell itself

A

False! Passive transport requires no work from the cell itself

20
Q

T/F: Diffusion is not driven by a concentration gradient

A

False! It is driven by a concentration gradient

21
Q

Assisted transport through a cell is known as _________ ___________

A

Facilitated diffusion

22
Q

Osmosis is a special case of __________

A

Diffusion

23
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

24
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

A solution with equal concentrations of salt and water

25
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A
26
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A
27
Q
A

Biology (7 decks)

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