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Bio 366 > Energy flow 3 > Flashcards

Energy flow 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Climate change implications

A

Due to climate change, ecosystem structure and trophic interactions may be changing

Mismatch will have major implications for many species

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2
Q

Community structure focuses on

A

Interactions between species

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3
Q

Intraspecific

A

Within a species

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4
Q

Interspecific

A

Between species

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5
Q

Interactions are

A

Positive

Negative

Neutral

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

Both interactions are positive

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7
Q

Competition

A

Both interactions are negative

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8
Q

One is positive and the other is negative

A

Parasitism, predation, herbivory

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9
Q

One benefits, no effect on the other

A

Commensalism

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10
Q

One is negative, other is neutral

A

Ammensalism

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11
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that make energy from sunlight or inorganic matter

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12
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that use organic materials as a source of energy and nutrients

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13
Q

Types of heterotrophs

A

Herbivore

Carnivore

Omnivore

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14
Q

Top predators

A

Long-lived

Wide-ranging

Dietary habits used to sample prey populations

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15
Q

Changes in prey availability

A

Abundance

Distribution

Changes in lower trophic levels

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16
Q

How do we determine the diet of top predators

A

Prey remains

Direct observations

Scat analysis

Tissue analysis

Stable isotopes

17
Q

Scat analysis

A

May be hard

Unknown individual

Biased towards large, hard-bodied prey

18
Q

Principles of fatty acid signature analysis

A

What is consumed is basically the same as what is deposited, makes it easy to find a predators diet

19
Q

Most elements of biological significance have

A

naturally occurring stable isotopes

20
Q

Carbon 13 and Nitrogen 15

A

Useful biological tracers

Incorporated into bio- and geochemical processes at different rates than lighter isotopes

21
Q

Sample can be taken from

A

Any part of the body

22
Q

Stable isotopes graph

A

Shows carbon 13 in relation to Nitrogen 15

Higher amounts means top consumer

23
Q

Collars provde

A

Movement data

24
Q

Hair, claw samples provide

A

stable isotopes

25
Q

Grizzly bear study found

A

They are not at the top of the food chain which is reflected by their diet

Faster movement rates were associated with lower consumption of vegetation (moving around means searching for food that can run away)

Stable isotopes show individuals have specialized diets

Variation of trophic level is dependent on diet variation

26
Q

Percent of species that are omnivores

A

40

Bio 366 (15 decks)

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