Energy flow 3

Question 1

Climate change implications

Answer 1

Due to climate change, ecosystem structure and trophic interactions may be changing

Mismatch will have major implications for many species

Question 2

Community structure focuses on

Answer 2

Interactions between species

Question 3

Intraspecific

Answer 3

Within a species

Question 4

Interspecific

Answer 4

Between species

Question 5

Interactions are

Answer 5

Positive

Negative

Neutral

Question 6

Mutualism

Answer 6

Both interactions are positive

Question 7

Competition

Answer 7

Both interactions are negative

Question 8

One is positive and the other is negative

Answer 8

Parasitism, predation, herbivory

Question 9

One benefits, no effect on the other

Answer 9

Commensalism

Question 10

One is negative, other is neutral

Answer 10

Ammensalism

Question 11

Autotrophs

Answer 11

Organisms that make energy from sunlight or inorganic matter

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

Organisms that use organic materials as a source of energy and nutrients

Question 13

Types of heterotrophs

Answer 13

Herbivore

Carnivore

Omnivore

Question 14

Top predators

Answer 14

Long-lived

Wide-ranging

Dietary habits used to sample prey populations

Question 15

Changes in prey availability

Answer 15

Abundance

Distribution

Changes in lower trophic levels

Question 16

How do we determine the diet of top predators

Answer 16

Prey remains

Direct observations

Scat analysis

Tissue analysis

Stable isotopes

Question 17

Scat analysis

Answer 17

May be hard

Unknown individual

Biased towards large, hard-bodied prey

Question 18

Principles of fatty acid signature analysis

Answer 18

What is consumed is basically the same as what is deposited, makes it easy to find a predators diet

Question 19

Most elements of biological significance have

Answer 19

naturally occurring stable isotopes

Question 20

Carbon 13 and Nitrogen 15

Answer 20

Useful biological tracers

Incorporated into bio- and geochemical processes at different rates than lighter isotopes

Question 21

Sample can be taken from

Answer 21

Any part of the body

Question 22

Stable isotopes graph

Answer 22

Shows carbon 13 in relation to Nitrogen 15

Higher amounts means top consumer

Question 23

Collars provde

Answer 23

Movement data

Question 24

Hair, claw samples provide

Answer 24

stable isotopes

Question 25

Grizzly bear study found

Answer 25

They are not at the top of the food chain which is reflected by their diet

Faster movement rates were associated with lower consumption of vegetation (moving around means searching for food that can run away)

Stable isotopes show individuals have specialized diets

Variation of trophic level is dependent on diet variation

Question 26

Percent of species that are omnivores

Answer 26

40