Energy flow 1

Question 1

What is a food web

Answer 1

Collection of species present in a given space and time that are connected to each other through trophic interactions

Who eats who

No abiotic factors

Question 2

Intraguild predation

Answer 2

Potentially eating animals on the same trophic level

Question 3

What defines the structure of a food web

Answer 3

Number and types of species

Question 4

What defines the functioning of a food web

Answer 4

Ways in which species interact with each other

Question 5

Functioning

Answer 5

The transfer of energy through the structure of the web

Question 6

Few connections between species means

Answer 6

Quick energy exchange because lack of competition for energy

Question 7

Trophic level

Answer 7

Position in a food chain, determined by number energy-transfer steps to that level

Question 8

Trophic level examples

Answer 8

Primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer

Question 9

Bottom level is

Answer 9

Trophic level 1

Question 10

Energy moving in a more complicated way

Answer 10

Slows the transfer of energy

Question 11

Purpose of decomposers

Answer 11

Place nutrients back into the soil that plants can use so it can re-enter the food web

Question 12

Nutrients

Answer 12

Cycle

Question 13

Energy

Answer 13

Flows

Question 14

Ecosystem

Answer 14

Interactions between organisms and their environment as an integrated system

Question 15

Parts of ecosystem

Answer 15

Biotic

Abiotic

Question 16

Food chain

Answer 16

Transfer of energy from the primary producers through a series of organisms that eat and are eaten

Question 17

Lake structure zones

Answer 17

Littoral zone

Limnetic Zone

Profundal zone

Question 18

Littoral zone

Answer 18

Area extending out from the lakeshore to where rooted plants can no longer be found

Question 19

Limnetic zone

Answer 19

Area of the lake with enough light for photosynthesis

Mostly occupied by plankton

Question 20

Profundal zone

Answer 20

Area beneath the limnetic zone where there is insufficient light for photosynthesis

Main source of nutrients is detritus

Question 21

Earliest food webs were done in the

Answer 21

Arctic

Question 22

Summerhayes and Elton (1923)

Answer 22

Studied and created foodwebs

Question 23

Northern food webs

Answer 23

Relatively low species diversity

Simple food webs where each species is only connected to a few others

Question 24

Food web structure and diversity depend on

Answer 24

Biodiversity

Environmental stability

Competition

Strength of interactions

Question 25

Arctic food web have

Answer 25

high dietary specialization

Question 26

Dietary niche

Answer 26

Number of available food sources will influence the likelihood that a species is generalist or specialist

Question 27

Niche breadth

Answer 27

Range of resources an animal can use

Question 28

Tropics resource availability

Answer 28

High species diversity

Interspecific competition

Dietary specialization from competition

A bunch of thin parabolas

Question 29

Polar regions resource availability

Answer 29

Low species diversity

Limited resources

Dietary specialization

One thin parabola

Question 30

Wolves are

Answer 30

Plastic in their foraging behavior

Question 31

Environmental stability

Answer 31

Interactions between species will be disrupted by environmental fluctuations

Rich, diverse, interconnected food webs should emerge in stable environments

More variable, seasonal environments will favor less diverse food webs with fewer links

Question 32

Match-mismatch hypothesis

Answer 32

Postulates that seasonal timing of reproduction is fixed whereas timing of primary production or other food varies from year to year depending on environmental condition

Question 33

Three main effects of climate change can be envisioned

Answer 33

Change in the mean relative timing of prey

Change in the level of prey abundance

A change in the amplitude year-to-year variation in prey timing in regions where interannual variability in temperature is expected to increase

Question 34

Match

Answer 34

Demand and availability graphs overlap

Question 35

Mis-match

Answer 35

Demand and availability graphs do not overlap