energy flow Flashcards
ability to do work
energy
PAR means
photosynthetically active radiation
light with wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm that is used by plants for photosynthesis
photosynthetically active radiation
plants and other organisms use this to convert light energy into chemical energy
photosynthesis
crucial for climate processes because it absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and subsequently binds it in plants, soils, and harvested goods.
photosynthesis
components of energy flow in ecosystem
sun, producers, consumers, decomposers
provides the majority of the energy used by people. it is also the source of biomass, fossil fuels, and some renewable energies like wind and solar electricity
sun
what percentage of sunlight reach the Earth’s atmosphere and reflected back
34%
__% of sunlight is held by ozone layer, water vapor, and other atmospheric gases
10%
__% reaches the Earth’s surface and out of that 2 of 10% is used by plants and the remaining is absorbed as heat by water
56%
organisms that use sunlight to generate their own energy
producers
they convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into sugar, which is then used to make food
producers
producers in terrestrial ecosystem
herbaceous and woody plants
producers in aquatic system
phytoplankton, algae, and higher plants
animals that depends on plants for their food needs
consumers
consumers are also called
heterotrophs
they are unable to manufacture their own food. they eat plants or other animals for energy
consumers
degrade dead organic matter or detritus
decomposers
decomposers are also known as
saprotrophs
they derive their energy, carbon, and nutrients from organic substrates for growth and development
decomposers
it include energy transformation which occur within the ecosystem
ecological energetics
study of energy flow within an ecological system from the time it enters the living system until it is degraded to heat and irreversibly lost from the system.
ecological energetics
ecological energetics is also called
production ecology
ecological energetics studies ….
energetic dependency of species in ecological systems
laws that describes and explain how energy is transferred from one form to another
laws of thermodynamics
law that states that energy can change forms but it is neither created nor destroyed. when an organism dies, its energy is not destroyed but is dissipated in the surroundings through decomposers
law of conservation energy
_____ organisms energy is in a non-random form that is in the form of chemical bonds of biomolecules
living organisms
food chain that begins with living green plants and progresses to grazing herbivores and carnivores
grazing food chain
food chain that starts with dead organic matter and to organisms feeding on detritus and their predators
detritus food chain
he introduced the ten percent law
raymond lindeman
it means that when energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to another, only ten percent of the energy will be passed on
ten percent law
it shows the feeding levels of organisms in an ecosystem and gives a visual presentation of energy loss at each level
energy pyramid
a place in the natural surroundings where organisms occupy according to their feeding relationship with other organisms
trophic level
certain mass of living material at a particular time. it is measured as the biomass of an organism or their number in a unit area
standing crop
standing crop of primary producer
10,000 J
standing crop of primary consumer
1000J
standing crop of secondary consumer
100J
standing crop of tertiary consumer
10J
graphical representation of the energy found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem
pyramid of energy
