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ERGO CUTIEE! 🍀 > Energy Expenditure > Flashcards

Energy Expenditure Flashcards

1
Q

rely on feedback from various body parts
and provide feedforward signals according to general
(autonomic, innate,learned) principles and according to
situation-dependent (voluntary, motivational) Rules.

A

Control Centers

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2
Q

control center of the body

A

Brain

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3
Q

provides oxygen for
energy metabolism and dissipates metabolic
by-products.

A

Respiratory System

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4
Q
  • carries oxygen from
    the lungs to cells that consume oxygen.
  • brings “fuel,
    ” that is,
    derivatives of carbohydrates and fats to the
    cells and removes metabolic by-products
    from the combustion sites.
A

Circulatory System

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5
Q

supports the chemical
processes in the body, particularly those that
yield energy

A

Metabolic System

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6
Q

Volumes of _______ L of blood in women and _______ L in men are normal.

A

4 - 4.5
5- 6

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7
Q

Dissolved materials carried by blood

A

Oxygen
Nutrients
hormones
enzymes
salts,
vitamins

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8
Q

transport oxygen
through
hemoglobin,
an
iron containing
protein
molecule.

A

Red blood cells

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9
Q

reacts with oxygen and
carbon dioxide simultaneously, but
has high affinity for carbon monoxide,
causing its toxicity.

A

Hemoglobin

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10
Q

Architecture of the Circulatory System

A

Systemic Circuits
Pulmonary Circuits

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11
Q

Self regulating process by which
internal stability of human body is
maintained while adjusting to
conditions optimal for survival

A

Homeostasis

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12
Q

Overtime, Homeostasis achieves balance between input and output where :
Inputs are ______
Outputs are ______

A

Nutrients, Proteins, (Food Intake)
Work and Heat

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13
Q

measured in terms of physically useful energy (when we perform tasks)

A

Work

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14
Q

A portion of the energy consumed is lost as ____. This helps in maintaining body temperature.

A

Heat

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15
Q

Refers to all chemical processes in the living body

Describes the overall energy yielding process

A

Metabolism

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16
Q

Defined as the ratio of work performed and energy input

A

Work efficiency

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17
Q

Types of Reactions

A

Catabolism
Anabolism

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18
Q

________ is exothermic (output). Breaking down of complex molecules into numerous simple ones.

A

Catabolism

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19
Q

________ is endothermic (input). Building complex molecules from simple ones.

A

Anabolism

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20
Q

Primary source of quick energy, converted to
glucose.

Stored as glycogen in muscles and liver

A

Carbohydrates

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21
Q

Major energy reserve, stored in adipose tissue.

Digestion releases glycerol and fatty acids for
energy.

The carrier of vitamins a, d, e and K in food

A

Fats

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22
Q

Chains of amino acids for body functions
(enzymes, hemoglobin).

Used as energy source when other fuels are
depleted

A

Proteins

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23
Q

are the amount of food energy that should be eaten
to compensate for caloric expenditure.

A

Energy Requirements

24
Q

refers to the amount of energy an individual uses to
maintain essential body function (respiration, circulation
and digestion) and as a result of physical activity.

A

Energy Expenditure

25
Q

Components of Energy Expenditure

A

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
The Thermic Effect of Food
Physical Activity

26
Q

amount
of energy
the
body
needs to
maintain
basic
physiological
functions
while
at rest, such as breathing, circulation, cell
production, and nutrient processing.

A

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

27
Q

Factors that influence basal metabolic rate

A

Age
Body composition
Genetic factors
Gender
Hormonal Balance
Environment factors
Physical Activity levels

28
Q

88.4 + (13.4 × weight it kg) +
(4.8 × height in cm) - (5.68 ×
age)

A

Male

29
Q

447.6 +( 9.25 × weight in kg)
+ (3.10 × height in cm) - (4.33
× age)

A

Female

30
Q

The amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb,
and metabolise the food you eat.

A

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

31
Q

Foods that have the Highest Thermic Effect

A
  1. Proteins 20%-30%
  2. Carbohydrates 5%-10%
  3. Fats 0%-5%
32
Q

Normally represent between 20%-40% of the
energy expenditure.

It varies significantly between individuals on the
basis of the deployed activity. It is not constant
and depends on daily physical activity.

A

Physical Activities

33
Q

is operationally defined as a “reduced
muscular ability to continue an existing effort.”

best researched in regard to maintained static
(isometric) muscle contraction.

A

Fatigue

34
Q

Benefit of Fatigue

A

Prevention of serious damage

35
Q

Given the same ratio of “total resting
time” to “total working time,
” many short
rest periods have more recovery value
than a few long rest periods.

A

True

36
Q

Individual Factors

A

Age
Sex / Gender
Fitness Level
Body Mass Index
Health Status

37
Q

Task Related Factors

A

Task Demands
Workload
Work Environment
Equipments / Tool Design

38
Q

Environmental Factors

A

Climate/ Weather
Lighting
Vibration
Noise

39
Q

Situation Specific Factors

A

Shift Work
Work Schedule
Travel/Commute
Work Home Interface

40
Q

How to Calculate Physical Activity Expenditure

A

Physical Activity Expenditure = Activity x Time

41
Q

A person’s oxygen consumption while performing work is a
measure of his or her _____________________________.

A

metabolic energy production

42
Q

compares the
carbon dioxide expired with the oxygen consumed.

also called respiratory exchange rate RER

A

Respiratory Exchange Quotient (ROQ)

43
Q

Tools for assessment of human energy capabilities

A

bicycle ergometers
treadmills
steps

44
Q

Measuring Oxygen Uptake

A

Period of time
Physicians or Physiologist
Indirect Calorimetry

45
Q

Counting Heart Rates

A

Palpation
PLETHYSMORGRAPHIC METHOD
ECG

46
Q

How to compute power function

A

P = e + f ( I − g) ^n

47
Q

___ ________ on a formal “light” to “hard”
scale can be used to measure the
intensity of a task.

A

RPE Scale

48
Q

category scale with
ratio properties that yields ratios and levels
and allows comparisons but still retains the
same correlation (of about 0.88) with the heart
rate as the RPE scale, particularly if large
muscles are involved in the effort

A

General Scale

49
Q

Energy Requirements

A

Metabolic Cost x Duration

50
Q

Given the largely ________ relationship between heart rate and
energy uptake, one can often simply use the heart rate (see above) to label work as
“light” or “heavy.”

A

linear

51
Q

▪︎
involves rhythmic muscle
contraction and relaxation

▪︎
blood flow is maintained

▪︎ Energy consumption is
significant and measurable

A

Dynamic Work

52
Q

▪︎
involves sustained muscle
contraction
without significant movement

▪︎
blood flow occuluded

▪︎
energy consumption is lower
than perceived exertion

A

Static Work

53
Q

Measures energy expenditure during
ascent. Varies based on incline and
climbing method

A

Oxygen Consumption

54
Q

Indicates cardiovascular strain. Increases
with steeper angles amd more
challenging cimbs

A

Heart Rate Monitoring

55
Q

user preferences and perceived effort.
Important for real-world application and
comfort

A

Subjective Ratings

56
Q

Angle-based
recommendations for
vertical access

A

Ramps 0-20°
Stairs 20-50°
Stair Ladders 50-75°
Ladders above 75°

ERGO CUTIEE! 🍀 (4 decks)

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