Anthropometry Flashcards
The Anatomical and Mechanical Structure
of the Human Body.
The science that measures the range of
body sizes in a population
In the real world we used this as of setting up
a workstation
Anthropometry
Why is it important to study anthropometry?
People come in many sizes and shape
To create product and environment
that are comfortable, safe, and easy to use
Focus on preventing injuries in production, maintenance, and
service tasks.
Injury prevention
Improve productivity and quality through ergonomic solutions
Performance Enhancement
• Office ergonomics (e.g., workstation setup).
• Tool design for usability.
• Disability accommodation in the workplace.
• Human factors design (interaction between humans and
systems).
Specialized Areas of Application
Major Human Functional Areas
Strength
Body Sizes
Control of Work by People
Endurance of People
Mental Aspect of Work
Environment in which People Work
varies considerably
between regional populations.
Anthropometric Data
a straight-line point to
point vertical measurements.
Height
a straight-line pointto-point horizontal measurement
running across the entire body or a
body segment
Breadth
a straight-line pointto-point measurement between
landmarks
on
the
body
Distance
a point-to-point
measurement following a contour
(usually neither closed nor
circular)
Curvature
a closed
measurement that follows a body
contour
Circumference
a
point-to-point
measurement following the long
axis of the arm or leg
Reach
anatomical figure that shows
the body in standard pose.
Anatomical Position
Anatomical Positions
- Standing Position
- Sitting Position
- Supine Position
- Prone Position
Position when the body is lying
face up.
Supine Position
Position when the body is lying
face down.
Prone Position
Measuring Planes
• Frontal or Coronal plane
• Transverse or Horizontal
plane
• Medial or midsagittal
plane
is the plane that dividing the
body into front and back
portion.
Frontal or Coronal Plane
-is the plane that divide the
body in upper and lower
portion.
Transverse or Horizontal Plane
divides the body equally
the right and left portion of the
body.
Medial or Midsagittal Plane
The common practice in ergonomics is to specify anthropometric data
in terms of ________.
refers to a percentage of the
population with a body dimension up to a certain size or smaller.
Percentile
help
designers
determine the range of human
measurements to accommodate
in a design.
They identify the
percentage of the population
that falls within a specific
measurement
range.
This
information aids in product
design, user selection for testing,
and precise specification of
dimensions.
Percentile
Identifies the clearance requirements
People in the 95th percentile
They are the ones who can comfortably use the products or perform in the workplace
Average size people
a
technique
used
a
set
of
measurement
grids, usually
attached to the inside cor-ner of two
vertical walls meeting at right
angles.
Morant Technique
it may reference a small or large
bone anthropometer. It has A
graduated rod with a sliding edge
at a right angle.
Anthropometer
to measure the diameter
around which fingers can
close.
Cone
Used to measure circumferences
and curvatures
Tape
Can
be
used
for
short
measurements
such
as
finger
thickness or finger length
Sliding Caliper
has two curved branches joint in a
hinge. The distance between the tips
of the two branches is read on a
scale attached on the caliper.
Spreading Caliper
Measure skinfold thickness at
multiple sites on the body in
order to calculate body fat
percentage.
Skinfold Caliper
record all three-dimensional (3D) aspects
of the human body. They allow the
recording of practically infinite numbers of
measurements, taken from the recording
at one’s convenience.
Photographs
uses template or casting
Shadow Technique
Used to measure the external diameter of
the finger
Circular Holes
used as a distance-measuring device to determine
the shape of irregular bodies.
Laser
A recognizable point on
the body used as a
reference for identifying
and measuring other
structures.
Anthropometric landmarks
help
analyze
body
mechanics and design
tools and workspaces
that promote natural
positioning and reduce
strain.
Anthropometric Landmarks
Types of Landmarks
Bony Landmarks
Soft Tissue Landmarks
Common Landmarks
Cranial Landmarks
Thoracic Landmarks
Abdominal Landmarks
Pelvic Landmarks
Head Landmarks
Vertex
Nasion
Glabella
Subnasale
Upperbody Landmarks
Acromion
Iliac Crest
Suprasternale
Mid-sternale
Radiale
Tenth Rib
Iliocristale
Lower Body Landmarks
Trochanterion
Patella
Malleolus
Hand and Wrist Landmarks
Radiale
Stylion
Dactylion
Foot Landmarks
Akropodion
Metatarsale
Pternion
Foot Landmarks
Femur Epicondyle
Heel (Calcaneus)
particularly
from an anthropometric perspective,
revolves around designing environments
that
align
with
human
physical
capabilities, promoting comfort and
efficiency while minimizing strain.
Working Space
The space defined by the arm’s
movement from the elbow. This
area is ideal for frequent tasks
since it minimizes effort.
Primary Reach Envelope
Defined by the entire arm’s movement from the shoulder, used
for infrequent or light tasks due to
reduced strength and stability
Secondary Reach Envelope
One-size-fits-all” is a common problem for
industry and can be solved by providing
____________ at the workplace.
adjustability
Adjustability allows
the
workplace to fit a wide variety
of workers. It demonstrates
that adjustability can either be
_______ or _______
Intrinsic or Extrinsic
It is the anatomical position of the body
at rest.
Neutral Posture
When in neutral, muscles are in a resting
length where _________ (muscles that are
contracting and responsible for causing a
certain joint motion)
agonist
(muscle that is relaxing or lengthening)
muscles are balanced and relaxed.
antagonist
Fingers - curled (flexed) as if loosely holding an _____
cm cylinder or ball, and certainly not fully
open (extended) or tightly closed (flexed)
8-10
Thumb - slightly curved (flexed) at the first
metacarpal phalangeal joint (knuckle) and
lightly touching the __________
index finger
Forearm - resting so the thumbs are pointed forward,
and the palms are neither facing forward
__________ or facing behind _________
(supination)
(pronation)
Elbow - roughly bent at __________, and
neither extended (arm straight) nor
tightly flexed (bent)
90 degrees
Shoulder - upper arm hanging by the side of the body,
and not raised forward _______, away from
the side of the body ________, or across
the body _________
(flexed)
(abducted)
(adducted)
-It is occurs when the body part is forced to
support itself or hold an object still in space without
motion
-Occurs when performing activities in constrained
workplaces or workplaces that simply do not fit the
worker.
Static Work
Occurs when lungs cannot put enough oxygen into the bloodstream to keep up with the demands of your muscles fir energy
Anaerobic Metabolism
Delivers an ample supply of oxygen from the blood to the muscles
Aerobic System
Types of Anthropometric Data
- Structural
- Functional
- Newtonian
are measurements of the bodily dimensions of subjects in fixed
(static) positions.
Structural or Static Anthropometric Data
• collected to describe the movement of
a body part with respect to a fixed reference point
•useful for designing workspaces and
positioning objects within them
Functional or Dynamic Anthropometric Data
• Data is used in the mechanical
analysis of the loads on the human
body.
• required in those
circumstances which we wish to apply Newton’s Laws of Motion
to the human body
Newtonian Anthropometric Data
term we shall use to describe the
particular subset of structural and functional data that is
required to apply Newton’s Law of Motion to the analysis of
human activity.
Newtonian Anthropometry
The only correct way of lifting
Kinetic Lifting
Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic
D ko rin tanda 😭
Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic
D ko rin tanda 😭
