Energy, Enzymes And Metabolism

Question 1

Define Energy

Answer 1

The ability to cause change or do work

Question 2

Whats the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 3

Whats the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

All process must increase the entropy of the universe

Question 4

Define entrophy

Answer 4

Degree of randomness in a system

Question 5

Define catabolism

Answer 5

Breakdown of food to release energy

Question 6

Define anabolism

Answer 6

Build useful macromolecules

Question 7

Energonic is….

Answer 7

Is energy requiring

Question 8

Exergonic is……

Answer 8

Energy releasing

Question 9

Is reduction the addition or removal of electrons?

Answer 9

Addition (remember wdding electrons REDUCES the net charge)

Question 10

Is oxidation the addition or removal of electrons

Answer 10

Removal

Question 11

What’s a prosthetics group

Answer 11

Small molecules that are permanently attached to the surface of an enzyme and aids in enzyme function

Question 12

Whats a coenzyme

Answer 12

Organic molecule that temporarily binds to an enzyme and participate in the reaction and is left unchanged

Question 13

Whats a cofactor

Answer 13

Inorganic ion that temporarily binds to the surface of an enzyme and promotes a chemical reaction

Question 14

Suggest 2 reasons catabolism takes place

Answer 14

1. To recycle the oragnic molecules to make new molecules/ macromolecules
2. To obtain energy which is stored in ATP and is used in endergonic molecules

Question 15

Define Enzyme

Answer 15

Protein that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 16

What do competitive inhibitors do

Answer 16

Raise the Km for the substrate

Question 17

What do noncompetitive inhibitors do

Answer 17

Lowers the Vmax

Question 18

What’s a ribozyme

Answer 18

An RNA molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction

Question 19

Metabolic pathways are controlled by what 3 things?

Answer 19

Gene regulation
Cellular regulation
Biochemical regulation

Question 20

Do mitochondrial DNA encode for all mitochondrial proteins?

Answer 20

No, only 2.5%

Question 21

Mitochondrial DNA is linear, true/false?

Answer 21

false, its circular

Question 22

Inside the mitochondrial matrix there are proteins that catalyse what reaction

Answer 22

TCA cycle

Question 23

During Oxidative Phosphorylation if Oxygen is unavailable, what happens?

Answer 23

The ETC backs up since there is nothing to pull the electrons down the chain. ATP productions stops and cells run out of energy

Question 24

What part of respiration does cyanide effect?

Answer 24

Oxidation Phosphorylation

Question 25

What effect does cyanide have on respiration

Answer 25

Cyanide inhibits complex IV so it prevents the transport of electrons from cytochrome C to oxygen. ETC is disrupted and no ATP is produced