Cell Structures

Question 1

Who discovered cells and when

Answer 1

Robert Hooke, 1665

Question 2

Name the 3 parts of the cell theory

Answer 2

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. Cells are the smallest units of life
3. New cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division

Question 3

Give 2 examples of prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

-Single bacteria
-Biofilms

Question 4

Give 2 examples of eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

-Protist
-Fungi

Question 5

Define magnification

Answer 5

The apparent increase in size

Question 6

Equation for magnification

Answer 6

actual object=image/magnification

Question 7

Define resolution

Answer 7

The ability to show 2 objects as separate

Question 8

Complete: Prokaryotes lack a membrane bound ______

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

State the 2 categories of prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

-archaea
-bacteria

Question 10

In bacteria where is the DNA located

Answer 10

Nucleoid

Question 11

State the 4 categories of eukaryotes

Answer 11

-Protists
-Fungi
-Plants
-Animals

Question 12

State the function of lysosomes

Answer 12

Where macromolecules are degraded

Question 13

Complete:_______ and ________ contain their own genetic material and divide by binary fission

Answer 13

Mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 14

State the 4 interacting parts of the eukaryotic cells

Answer 14

-nucleus
-endomembrane system
-cytosol
-semiautonomous organelles

Question 15

State a function of the cytosol

Answer 15

Organisation and movement via cytoskeleton

Question 16

State a function of the nucleus

Answer 16

Location of most of the genome

Question 17

State a function of the endomembrane system

Answer 17

Protein secretion, sorting and degration of organic molecules

Question 18

State a function of the semiautonomous system

Answer 18

Synthesis of ATP and photosynthesis (system consists of mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Question 19

What is the sorting of proteins to the ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane and secretory vescles called and when does it occur

Answer 19

Cotranslational sorting and it occurs while translation is occuring

Question 20

What is the sorting of proteins to the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes called and when does it occur

Answer 20

Post-translational sorting and occurs after translation(synthesis) is complete

Question 21

If a motor protein was held in place and a cytoskeleton filament was free to move, what type of motion would occur when the motor protein was active

Answer 21

The filament would move

Question 22

The central vacuole in many plants is important for

Answer 22

Storage and structural support

Question 23

How does the invagination of the inner membrane of the mitochondria related to mitochondria function

Answer 23

The inner membrane is the site of ATP synthesis. The invagination increases surface area and therefore increases the capacity for ATP synthesis