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Physics > Energy - Energy Transfers > Flashcards

Energy - Energy Transfers Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 8 energy stores

A

kinetic, thermal, chemical, GPE, nuclear, electrostatic, elastic and magnetic

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2
Q

what is a system

A

an object or a group of objects

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3
Q

what is a closed system

A

neither matter or energy can enter or leave

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4
Q

how is energy transferred mechanically

A

an object moving due to a force acting on it

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5
Q

how is energy transferred electrically

A

a charge moving through a pd

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6
Q

how is energy transferred by heating and radiation

A

hotter to colder object

through waves

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7
Q

what is the conservation of energy principle

A

energy can be transferred, stored or dissipated but never created or destroyed

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8
Q

what is the equation for kinetic energy

A

(J) 1/2 mass (kg) x velocity^2 (m/s)

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9
Q

what is the equation for gravitational potential energy

A

(J) mass(Kg) x height(M) x gravitational field strength (N/KG)

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10
Q

for a falling object with no air resistance, what is the transfer of energy

A

energy lost from gpe = energy gained in kinetic store

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11
Q

how do u transfer energy to the elastic potential store of an object

A

stretch it or squash it

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12
Q

what is the equation for elastic potential energy

A

(J) 1/2 spring constant (N/M) x extention^2 (m)

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13
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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14
Q

how much energy do you need to heat 1 kg of water by 1 degree

A

4200j

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15
Q

what is the equation for change in thermal energy

A

mass (KG) x SHC(j/kgc) x temp change

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16
Q

what is power

A

rate of energy transfer

17
Q

what equation can be used to calculate power

A

energy transferred/ time (S)

18
Q

what is power measure in

A

Watts (w)

19
Q

what is one watt equivalent to in joules

A

one joule per second

20
Q

what is conduction

A

the process in which vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles

21
Q

why do hot particles vibrate more

A

they have more energy transferred to their connected stores

22
Q

how does heat transfer from one object to another

A

particles collide which causes energy to be transferred between the particles kinetic stores

23
Q

in which state of matter does conduction usually occur

A

solid

24
Q

what is thermal conductivity

A

a measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material. materials with a high thermal conductivity transfer energy between their particles quickly.

25
Q

what are objects with a low thermal conductivity know as

A

thermal insulators

26
Q

what is convection

A

energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions

27
Q

what state does convection happen in

A

gases and liquids

28
Q

how does convection work

A

when heated the particles move faster so the space between particles increases which causes density to decrease. warmer less dense regions rise above cooler regions.

29
Q

what is a convection current

A

air in room circulates as regions of it heat up and rise, then cool and fall

30
Q

cavity walls

A

inner and outer wall w air gap in the middle or filled with foam . reduces convection

31
Q

loft insulation

A

fibreglass is made of thin strands of glass that trap pockets of air. reduces conduction to attick when rolled over floor and prevent convection currents from forming

32
Q

double glazing

A

air gap to prevent conduction

33
Q

draught proofing

A

draught excluders or strips of foam or plastic around doors so draughts, convection

34
Q

hot water tank jacket

A

firegklass wool, reduces conduction

35
Q

what are lubricants

A

liquids like oils

36
Q

what do lubricants do

A

reduce friction between objects surfaces when they rub against each other

37
Q

what is the equation for efficiency

A

usful output energy transfer/ total input energy transfer

38
Q

what type of energy is most wasted energy

A

thermal

39
Q

what can you do to improve efficiency

A

insulating, lubricating, making more streamline

Physics (13 decks)

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