Energy - Energy Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the non renewable energy resources

A

coal oil gas nuclear fuels

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2
Q

what are the problems associated with renewable energy

A

less reliable

dont provide as much energy

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3
Q

name 3 uses of energy

A

transport, heating, electricity

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4
Q

how can oil heat your home

A

burning oil from a tank witch is good for remote places

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5
Q

how does natural gas heat your home

A

gas burned to heat water which is pumped into radiators

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6
Q

how do wind turbines generate electricity

A

wind turns the turbine which drives a generator which produces electricity

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7
Q

pros of wind turbines

A

no pollution
no permanent damage to landscape
no fuel cost
minimal running cost

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8
Q

cons of wind turbines

A

eyesore
noisy
weather dependant
cant increase supply if there is more demand
have to be stopped if wind is too strong
high initial costs

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9
Q

how do solar cells generate electricity

A

generate electric current directly from the suns radiation

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10
Q

pros of solar cells

A

no pollution
low running costs
can be plugged straight into electrical components
good for remote locations

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11
Q

cons of solar cells

A

weather dependant
lots of energy is required to manufacture in the first place.
high manufacturing costs

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12
Q

how does geothermal power generate electricity

A

thermal energy store of hot underground rocks
steam and hot water rise to the surface and are used to drive a turbine. the turbine turns a generator which generates electricity.

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13
Q

pros of geothermal

A

reliable
can heat buildings directly
cost of building power station is high con

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14
Q

cons of geothermal

A

location dependant

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15
Q

how do hydroelectric power stations generate electricity

A

a dam is built and water is let out at a controlled rate through turbines. a generator is driven by the turbines which generates elecrity

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16
Q

cons of hydroelectric power

A

flooding of ally leads to rotting vegetation which releases methane and co2. and a loss of habitat for people as settlements are flooded and animals.
reservoirs look unsightly when they dry up
high initial cost

17
Q

pros of hydroelectric power

A
no pollution 
immediate response to an increased demand.
normally reliable
no fuel cost
minimal running costs
good for remote areas
18
Q

how does wave power generate electricity

A

lots of small wave powered turbines. As the weaves come in they give an up down motion wich forces air into a turbine to drive it.

19
Q

pros of wave energy

A

no pollution, low running and no fuel costs

20
Q

cons of wave energy

A

disrupting sea bed and marine habitat
spoiling view
hazard to boats
unreliable

21
Q

how do tidal barrages generate electricity

A

big dams built along river estuaries
when the tide come in the water is held back
its then released through turbines

22
Q

pros of tidal barrages

A

no pollution
reliable
no fuel costs
minimal running cost

23
Q

cons of tidal barrages

A
prevents free boat access 
spoiling view
altering habitat 
expensive to build 
dont work when water is the same level each side
24
Q

why are biofuels fairly reliable

A

short time to grow and different crops can be grown all year round

25
Q

how can biofuels respond to an increase in energy demand

A

stored for when they are needed

26
Q

what are some negatives of biofuels

A

cost to refine is high
some worry the space they use means there isnt enough space for crops grown for food
forests have been cleared to make room to grow biofuels
biofuel production creates methane emissions

27
Q

how are fossil fuels used to make energy

A

fuel in boiler
steam send to turbine which drives it
cooled water returns to boiler
turbine turns a generator

28
Q

pros of fossil fuels

A

cost effective
provides lots of energy
readily available
reliable

29
Q

cons of fossil fuels

A

slowly running out
releases co2
burring coal and oil releases sulphur dioxide which causes acid rain
coal mining makes a mess of the landscape
oil spillages cause environmental problems

30
Q

how can acid rain be stopped from coal and oil

A

sulphur removed from fuel before its burned

cleaning up emissions before they are released

31
Q

how does nuclear fuel work

A

nuclear fission of uranium or plutonium releases the energy to heat the water then it works the same as fossil fuels

32
Q

pros of nuclear fuel

A

doesn’t release harmful gasses
nuclear is fuel is quite cheap
reliable

33
Q

cons of nuclear fuels

A

dangerous waste
stays highly radioactive for a long time
power stations and shutting them down is expensive
equitment faliur can lead to catastrophe

34
Q

what are the tends of recent electricity use

A

20th century it increased

since 21st centuary its been decresing slowly due to ada appliances become more efficient

35
Q

what made the goverment want to move towards renewables

A

public pressure and pressure from other countries

36
Q

highlight factors limiting change of fuel

A

scientists can only give advice
there are also other polital, social, ethical issues to consider
people dont want to live next to a wind farm
renewables are not as reliable
research into improing reliability costs mony
hybrid cars are more expensive