Energy Economics Flashcards
broad scientific subject area
which includes topics related to supply and use of energy in
societies
Energy economics
is the application of economics to energy
issues
Energy economics
Central concerns in energy economics
supply and demand for each of the main fuels in
widespread use, competition among those fuels, the role
of public policy, and environmental impact
Future energy needs by Regions
Non-OECD
OECD means
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Future energy needs by primary use
Power generation, Industry, Other, Transport
Future energy needs by fuel
Renewable , Coal, gas, oil
is a vital factor
to provide life sustainability.
Efficient usage of energy resources
is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services.
Energy efficiency
Improvements in energy efficiency are generally achieved by adopting a
more efficient technology or production process
a building to use less heating and
cooling energy to achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature
Insulating a home
Alternative to incandescent light bulbls
fluorescent lights, LED lights or natural skylights
have the highest level of energy loss
Buildings
Energy efficiency gains (1990-2010) of residential
▪ 36%
▪ $9.0 billion savings
Energy efficiency gains (1990-2010) of commercial/institution
▪30%
▪$5.6 billion savings
Energy efficiency gains (1990-2010) of transportation
▪24%
▪$8.2 billion savings
Energy efficiency gains (1990-2010) of industrial
▪20%
▪$6.1 billion savings
Highest projected 2035 global energy demand by source
Coal (29%), Oil (28%), Natural gas (22%), Nuclear (6%), Hydropower (3%), Non-hydro renewables (12%)
Together with energy efficiency, another important factor in
energy economics is
energy availability
Energy availability should be evaluated in
Likely-Developable Locations.
Energy availability of Renewable sources in Global Availability
Wind - 1700
Wave >2.7
Geothermal - 45
Hydroelectric - 1.9
Tidal - 3.7
Solar photovoltaic - 6500
Concentrated solar power - 4600
Highest total global availability energy source (trillion watts)
Solar Photovoltaic, 6500
Highest availability in likely-developable locations
Solar photovoltaic, 340
Lowest availability in likely-developable locations
Tidal - 0.02,
Geothermal, 0.07-0.14
Wave, 0.5
Lowest total global availability energy source (trillion watts)
Hydroelectric, 1.9
convert sunlight directly into electricity
Solar Photovoltaic cells
Solar PVs are sold on
a $/ Wp basis or $/power
What is Wp
Watts for Peak sun hours - the equivalent number of hours per day, with solar irradiance equaling 1,000 W/m2
, that gives the same energy received from sunrise to sundown.
Electricity (energy) is normally billed
$/kW-hr
the efficiency of these technologies gets
improved, while their production and installation become
cheaper
A typical American uses
~ 9,000 kW-hrs/year
A well-designed U.S. home needs _______of PV to provide for its energy needs averaged throughout the year
4kW-5kW
The price tag for the complete installed system including all labor as of 2006 is
between _______
$5/Wp to $10/Wp
World PV installation in ______ rose to ___ with a growth of ____%
2004,930MW, 62
Consolidated world production of PV is now
1.15GW+
Country with highest world PV module Production
Japan
Country with highest public energy R&D investment
United States
Countries with Highest Declining Energy Intensity in Industrial Economies, 1991-2008
UK
Countries with LOWEST Declining Energy Intensity in Industrial Economies, 1991-2008
Japan
