Energy Basics Flashcards
Energy is derived from the Greek word _____ which means “in-work” or work content
en-ergon
Capacity to do work.
Energy
Action of moving something against a force
Work
Work output depends on the
Energy input
Is always conserved
Energy
Before industrial revolution, for heat:
sun and burned wood, straw and died dung
Six different periods of societal development from oldest to most recent
Primitive, Hunting, Primitive agricultural, Advanced agricultural, Industrial, Technological
Personal energy consumption was relatively constant until
Advanced agricultural
Industrial Revolution happened
1750-1850
A single steam engine, powered by _____, could do the work of dozen of horses
coal
coal powered a steam engine attached to the world’s first electric generator
1880
___________ plant in New York City provided the first electric light to Wall Street financiers and the New York TImes
Thomas Edison
By the late 1880s, a new form of fuel was catching on
Petroleum
Energy use grew quickly, doubling every ____
10 years
After _____ unleashed nuclear power, the government found it in electricity production.
World War II (1939-1945)
By ____, the average mileage of an American car was only ________ miles per gallon, and a gallon of gas cost less than a _______.
1970, 13.5, quarter
The invention of the automobile increased from 2% in 1900 to ___% in 2010
40
Within ____ years, energy consumption of industrialized nation increased ______.
200, eightfold.
The energy consumption of a nation can be broadly divided into the following areas or sectors depending on energy-related activities.
Domestic sector, transportation sector, agriculture sector, industry sector
The __________ of a country is an index of the standard of living or prosperity of the people of the country
Per capita energy consumption
Although 80 percent of the world’s
population lies in the developing
countries their energy consumption
amounts to only ____________
world total energy consumption.
40%
The world average energy
consumption per person is equivalent
to __________
2.2 tonnes of coal
People use _____ times more than the world average and ______ times more than the average for developing countries
5,9
Energy balance
source + import = export + variation of stock + use + loss
Local or national primary energy sources like coal, hydro, biomass, animate, etc.
Sources
Energy sources which come from outside the region
Imports
Go to other regions
Exports
Reduction of stocks (like forests, coals) and storage
Variations of stock
Can be specified sectoral or by energy form or by end-use as required
Use
__________ are due to conversions and transports/transmissions
Technical losses
Due to non-registered consumptions
Administrative losses
Provide overviews, which serve as tools for analyzing current and projected energy positions
Energy balance
Energy balance is useful for purposes of ____________
Resource management, indicating options in energy saving, policies or energy redistribution
Energy required to lift 1kg by 1 meter
Joule
BOE
barrels of oil
1 calorie is equal to _______J
4.19J
TOE
Tonnes of oil equivalent
Converting energy from one form into another
Energy conversions
All we can do is __________ energy from one form to another
convert/transform
In all conversions, we find that part of the energy is lost, through ____________
dissipation in the form of heat
The converter has _______ 100% efficiency
less than
quantity of energy om the desired form (output) divided by the quantity of energy put in for conversion (Input)
efficiency of energy converter
energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible
renewable energy
Conventional fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, which are likely to deplete with time
Non-renewable energy
Global primary Energy reserves
Coal, Oil, Natural gas
The global primary energy consumption at the end of 2003 was equivalent to
9741 million tons of oil equivalent (MTones)
Second most important energy source
Coal
Coal covers _____ of the global primary energy consumption
30%
Leading energy source in power generation with 40% of globally generated power relying on this fuel
Hard coal and lignite (brown coal)
The world currently consumed over __________ million tonnes of coal
7700
Coal currently fuels _______ of the world’s electricity
40%
Global coal consumption increased by 64% from _________. That classified coal as the
fastest growing fuel in absolute numbers within the indicated period
2000 to 2014
___________ contributes 50% to global coal demand and is shifting to clean coal
technologies
China
Remains the world’s leading fuel
Oil
Oil accounts for _________ of total global energy consumption
32.9%
The growth of population and the consumer class in _________ will support oil demand increase and the main increase in consumption will come from ___________ sectors
Asia, transportation
__________ recorded another robust increase in oil consumption
India (+5.2%)
only fossil fuel whose share of the primary energy mix is expected to grow and has the potential to
play an important role in the world’s transition to a cleaner, more affordable and secure energy future
Natural gas
It is the number three fuel
Natural gas
Natural gas reflects ________% of global primary energy, and it is the second energy source in power generation, representing a ___% share.
24,22
North America prices collapsed in ________ driven by a domestic oversupply,
2009
From ___________ , the Japanese nuclear drove prices higher in Asia
2011-2013
