Energy and Matter

Question 1

What is the biosphere?

Answer 1

Living things on earth

Question 2

What is the lithosphere?

Answer 2

The physical earth

Question 3

What is the atmosphere?

Answer 3

layer of gases that surrounds Earth, providing the air we breathe

Question 4

What is the hydrosphere?

Answer 4

all of the Earth’s water, including water in oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and even in the atmosphere.

Question 5

What is carbon?

Answer 5

Chemical element found in the air

Question 6

What are fossil fuels?

Answer 6

Forms of energy source that comes from ancient plants and animals

Question 7

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 7

A complex chemical process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose

Question 8

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 8

is the process by which cells in living organisms convert oxygen and glucose (sugar) into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water as waste products.

Question 9

What is evaporation?

Answer 9

The sun heats up the water on land (lake river seas)
The water is turned into water vapour and absorbed into clouds

Question 9

What is condensation

Answer 9

When the air cools down water vapour turns into water droplets

Question 10

What is precipitation

Answer 10

this coocurs when the droplets in the cloud become too heavy for the air to hold them, so they fall as precipitation (hall, rain, snow)

Question 11

What is collection?

Answer 11

When precipitation occurs it is collected in lakes, rivers and seas

Question 12

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 12

1. The cycle of carbon on earth through photsynthesis and cellular respiration by all living things
2. as well as the decomposition of dead organisms and waste products that have a heavy carbon content. decomposers would consume this

Question 12

WHat is nitrogen

Answer 12

An element 98 percent of our earth

Question 12

What is the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 12

The process of removing nitrogen out of the air and into the living organisms

Question 12

What is fixation

Answer 12

The first step in the process of taking nitrogenout of the air and into the ground ready for ammonification

Question 13

Nitrofication?

Answer 13

Amoniam changes to nitrates by bacteria which plants are able to absorb

Question 14

Assimilation

Answer 14

Is the absorption of nitrates into plants through the roots

Question 14

Ammonification

Answer 14

When plants or animals die decomposers uses bactria and fungi to turn the nitrogen back into amoniam which re enters into the nitrogen cycle

Question 15

Denitrification

Answer 15

Extra nitrogen from the soil gets put back out into the atmosphere

Question 16

How does the relationship between organisms including prey and predator influence energy and matter in ecosystems?

Answer 16

Predators help control prey populations, preventing overgrazing and promoting species diversity. This regulation of prey populations influences the flow of energy and matter within ecosystems. When predators consume prey, energy and nutrients are transferred up the food chain, impacting the distribution of these resources and shaping the overall structure and functioning of the ecosystem.

Question 16

How does cellular respiration and photosynthesis involve the transfer of energy and matter?

Answer 16

Photosynthesis involves the convertion of carbon dioxide into oxygen and water and sunlight into glucose however cellular respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water crweating a cycle of energy matter being continously produced and absorbed

Question 16

Photosynthesis word equaiton?

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen

Question 16

Cellular respiration word equation?

Answer 16

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy released

Question 17

WHat are natural greenhouse gases?

Answer 17

Naturally occuring greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O), play a crucial role in trappign the heat from the sun into the earths atmosphere (creatign a habitable temperature)

Question 18

WHat are artifical greenhouse gases?

Answer 18

Artifical gases are human produces greenhouse gases which intensify the greenhouse effect

Question 18

Descirbe the role ocean currents have in transferring energy?

Answer 18

They regulate earths temperature and weather, these currents also carry nutrients and food for marine life

Question 18

What causes ocean currents to move

Answer 18

Primarily riven by a combination of factors including wind, temp, salt and earths rotation

Question 18

What is global warming?

Answer 18

Long term increase in the earths average temperature due to the build up of greenhouse gases

Question 19

Explain how humansare causing the current climate change?

Answer 19

Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are the main causes for climate change, By removing trees it limits the planets ability ot absorb CO2

Question 19

Evidence of global warming?

Answer 19

Extreme weather events
Rising Sea Levels

Question 20

What are cyclones?

Answer 20

Cyclones are formed when the ocean is warm moist air rises and wind patterns increase they contain heavy rainfall, storm surge and destructive winds.

Question 21

What are convection cells?

Answer 21

Large scale convection within the earths core

Question 21

identify the human impacts on ecosystems how they alter the balance in ecosystems

Answer 21

Habitat destruction - through urbanization and deforestation reduces biodiversity
Pollution - contaminate air, water, and soil, harming both plants and animals.
Overexploitation - overfishing and excessive hunting, can deplete species populations
Climate Change - alters temperature and precipitation patterns,

Question 22

What is the quadrant mehtod?

Answer 22

Abundance = average number per quadrat x total area

divided by area of the quadrat

Question 23

describe a method for measuring a chnage in abiotic factors and how a change in the abiotic factor could impact an ecosystem?

Answer 23

method = environmental monitoring, which involves collecting data on various factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient levels.
temperature increases from climate change can lead to shifts in species distribution, disrupting the ecosystem’s balance. Changes in nutrient levels can trigger harmful algal blooms, harming aquatic life.