Energy and Exercise

Question 1

Fast component of exercise oxygen consumption during the first minutes of exercise, and once you start to exericse what happens to your breathing?

Answer 1

Once you start exercising you start to breathe heavier because body is trying to get more oxygen into body but we still don’t have enough to meet the demand

Question 2

What is “oxygen deficit”?

Answer 2

The quantity of oxygen that would have been consumed had oxygen consumption reached steady state immediately

Hydrogen production >hydrogen oxidation

Question 3

What is “steady state oxygen consumption”?

Answer 3

What we use in the first initial minutes of exercise until we reach steady state is anaerobic metabolism (oxygen to lungs –> blood stream–> skeletal muscle –> mitochondria = aerobic metabolism … hydrogens are produced

–> Balance between energy required by working muscles and ATP produced in aerobic metabolism exercise energy requirement = ATP production
- The initial oxygen that we are
increasing in consumption
when we start exercising is
lower than steady state

–> Takes 3-4 minutes
- shorter when ding lighter
exercises

–> the amount of oxygen being
consumed is enough or = to the
amount of oxygen being used to
sustain exercise with aerobic
metabolism

Question 4

What are the tow most important factors that impact oxygen consumption during exercise?

Answer 4

1. intensity
2. duration

other factors:
- body mass
- economy of human movement

Question 5

Body mass and weight bearing activity with higher weight equals?

Answer 5

Expends more energy during weight bearing activity compared to someone who weighs less doing the same intense workout

-> increase in body mass increases the energy expended in wight bearing activities

Question 6

Body mass and weight bearing activity with non weight equals?

Answer 6

Things like the ellipitcal, cycle odometer (heavier person only 5% more energy bout vs. a lighter person)
–> little impact of body mass on
energy cost of exercise

Question 7

What is “economy of human movement”?

Answer 7

The energy required to maintain a constant velocity of movement

–> How efficiently someone uses oxygen at a given pace
i. Multifactorial measure which reflects the combined functioning of the metabolic, cardiopulmonary biomechanical and neuromuscular systems
1. Muscle fiber type
2. Size
3. Sex
4. Fitness and skills level
ii: Us humans do not use all the energy we create –> we waste around 20% during walking, running an stationary cycling
ii. Energy we waste is going got be even greater in outdoor sports  cross county, ice skating, skiing

–> Assessed by measuring the oxygen consumption
i. A person with enhanced
efficiency of movement has a
lower oxygen consumption at
a pre-determined speed
1. 2 at same speed of 7 mph with same fitness level
a. The person with lower oxygen consumption at given speed is MORE economical because they require less oxygen = less energy
ii. At submaximal running, cycling, or swimming an individual with greater movement economy consumes less oxygen
1. 2 people running at 70 milliliters of oxygen consumed per minute
i. Person who is running faster is more economical

c. Walking/Running
i. Terrain
1. Downhill walking/running
i. Walking in sand or snow increase energy expenditure because it is harder to walk in
ii. Footwear and other distal leg loads
1. Running in heavier shoes makes it harder
2. No benefits for running barefoot though
iii. Stride length
1. Increase speed by lengthening stride  increasing amount of energy = overstriding
iv. Air resistance (39%)
1. Air density  sea has higher
2. Runners projected surface area
3. Square of wind velocity

d. Swimming
i. Drag forces: factors that impede a swimmer’s forward motion
1. Wave drag
i. Waves the form in front and behind swimmer
ii. –> faster swimmers have more
2. Skin friction drag
i. Water moving over the skin
ii. Friction
3. Viscous pressure drag
i. Front and behind swimmer
ii. Skill
1. Highly skill swimmer uses more energy they produce per stroke to move forward
2. Not as skilled waste energy
iii. Water temp below 77 degrees
1. Thermal stress
a. Have to shiver to maintain body temperate and use more energy and consuming more energy

iv. Buoyancy
1. Fat floats more vs muscle and bone
i. Females have more fat so
more buoyancy and reduces
energy costs
ii. Men have to work harder

Question 8

What is EPOC?

Answer 8

(EPOC) Excess post exercise oxygen consumption that total oxygen consumed in recovery minus the total oxygen theoretically consumed at rest

i .3.5 milliliters per minute of oxygen at rest and consuming 20 mililier of oxygen at rest –> 20-3.5 = 16.5 more during exercise

ii. Fast component: recovery in oxygen consumption that occurs with 2-4 min after exercise cessation
—> Only component with light aerobic activity (chores around the house)
—> Curved line

iii. Slow component: recovery in oxygen consumption to pre-exercise values that can take up to 24 hrs based on intensity and duration of exercise

Question 9

Fast component of EPOC is?

Answer 9

Recovery in oxygen consumption that occurs with 2-4 min after exercise cessation

1. Only component with light aerobic activity (chores around the house)
2. Curved line

Question 10

Slow component of EPOC is?

Answer 10

Recovery in oxygen consumption to pre-exercise values that can take up to 24 hrs based on intensity and duration of exercise

Question 11

Factors impacting EPOC?

Answer 11

1. Level of anaerobic metabolism during exercise
2. All physiological systems activated during exercise increase their own particular need for oxygen during recovery