Energy and ATP Flashcards
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate, the only usable form of energy in the human body
Where is energy stored in ATP?
In the phosphate bonds
What enzyme works to break down the phosphate bond in ATP?
ATPase
What type of reaction occurs during the breakdown of ATP?
Exothermic reaction
What are the products of ATP breakdown?
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) + ENERGY
How long can the stored ATP in muscle cells last?
Up to 3 seconds
What must happen to ADP for energy systems to continue functioning?
ADP must be re-synthesized back into ATP
What are the three energy systems for ATP regeneration?
- ATP-PC System
- Lactic Acid System
- Aerobic System
What does the ATP-PC System use to resynthesize ATP during high intensity exercise?
Phosphocreatine (PC)
How long can the ATP-PC system resynthesize ATP using phosphocreatine?
Up to 10 seconds
What is the by-product of the ATP-PC system?
None OR ADP
What is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of phosphocreatine?
Creatine Kinase
What type of reaction is the breakdown of phosphocreatine?
Exothermic reaction
What is the yield of ATP from one molecule of phosphocreatine?
1 molecule of ATP
What type of reaction is the ATP-PC system?
Anaerobic
List the advantages of the ATP-PC system.
- Provides ATP quickly
- Provides energy for fast, high intensity activities
- No harmful/fatiguing by-products
- Does not need oxygen to provide energy
List the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system.
- Only a small amount of PC stored in muscle cells
- Small amount of ATP is resynthesized (1 molecule)
- Only provides energy for a maximum of 10 seconds
- Only effective in short high intensity exercise
What is an endothermic reaction?
A process that absorbs heat and cools the surroundings, using energy
What is an exothermic reaction?
A process that releases heat, causing the temperature of the surroundings to rise, creating energy
What type of sport is the ATP-PC system primarily used for?
Explosive Power Movements, including 100m sprint, weightlifting, long jump, high jump, shot put, javelin
What is the ATP-PC system also called due to no lactic acid being formed?
Alactic Anaerobic System
