Energy and Atmosphere - 10 Flashcards
What is process energy?
Energy used from things that are plugged in but this also includes elevators and lifts
What systems consume the most energy in a building?
- Space Heating - 36%
- Lighting - 21%
- Cooling - 8%
- Water Heating - 8%
- Ventilation - 7%
- Refrigeration - 6%
- Cooking - 3%
- Computers - 2%
- Office Equipment - 1%
- Other - 8%
What is the difference between reducing energy demand and increasing energy efficiency?
- Reducing energy demand is achieved via decreasing the need for energy in the first place using place lighting, sensors, etc.
- Increasing energy efficiency is done by installing better equipment that can achieve the same outcome using less energy due to a reduction in energy waste.
What role does commissioning have in a building?
It verifies that the building’s energy related systems are installed, calibrated, and performing according to the project and owner’s requirements.
What is the payback period for commissioning?
+ New buildings = 4.8 yeras (avg.)
+ Existing buildings = 0.7 years (avg.)
What is a REC?
+ Renewable Energy Certificate (aka Green tags, Renewable energy credits, Tradable renewable certificates (TRC’s))
+ Tradable environmental commodities in the US which represent proof that 1 MW of electricity was generated from an eligible renewable energy resource.
Who certifies green power?
Green-e (US)
Who triggers a Demand Response event?
The utility company trigger (aka demand program administrator) triggers the demand response event
What are carbon offsets measured in?
Metric tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent (CO2e)
What are Halons?
Halons are chemicals used in fire suppression systems that also negatively impact the ozone.
What are CFCs?
+ CFC = Chlorofluorocarbons
+ Any of the various compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine.
What does the ozone protect?
Protects earth surface from harmful UV rays.
What is ASHRAE 90.1 related to?
ASHRAE 90.1 relates to HVAC systems.
What does ASHRAE stand for?
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
What ASHRAE standards would be used for the Energy and Atmosphere category?
ASHRAE 90.1
What LEED category would SMACNA standards be used for?
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
What LEED category would the Green-e standard be used for?
Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
What is Green-e?
Green-e is a program established to promote green electricity products and provide consumers with a nationally recognized method to identify those products. (US)
What does an ENERGY STAR rating refer to?
The ENERGY STAR rating is a measure of a building’s energy performance compared with that of similar buildings, as determined by ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. A score of 50 represents average building performance.
What is a FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT (FTE)?
Is a regular building occupant who spends 40 hours per week in the project building.
(Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per week divided by 40. Multiple shifts are included or excluded depending on the intent and requirements of the credit.)
What are transient occupants?
Building visitors and other part-time or occasional occupants, such as students, volunteers, visitors, etc.
What variables are used in determining FTE calculations?
- Type of building occupant (fulltime, part-time, transient)
- Hours worked per week
What does a VEGETATED roof consist of (5)?
- Vegetation
- growing medium
- filter fabric
- drainage
- waterproof membrane
What are some of the benefits of VEGETATED ROOFS (5)?
- Reduce the heat island effect
- Retain runoff
- Insulating benefits
- Aesthetically pleasing
- Longer life and less maintenance than conventional roofs
What standard defines green power?
Green-e
What are CFCs?
Chlorofluorocarbons
(This is a type of hydrocarbon that is used in most types of refrigerants for building applications such as centrifugal chillers, refrigerators, and humidifiers. Most applications were installed prior to ozone concerns)
What types of systems use CFCs (3)?
- Centrifugal chillers
- Refrigerators
- Humidifiers
What are alternatives to using refrigeration with CFCs (3)?
- Natural ventilation
- Refrigerants with lower ODP and GWP
- Natural refrigerants
What does GWP stand for?
Global Warming Potential
What is lighting power density?
Installed lighting power per unit area
What category does lighting power density have the greatest impact on?
Energy and Atmosphere (EA).
Reducing the lighting power density reduces energy use.
What does ODP stand for?
Ozone Depletion Potential
What is a BASELINE BUILDING PERFORMANCE?
ASHRAE 90.1 defines minimum standards of design. A building’s baseline building performance would be the annual energy cost for a building designed to those minimum standards.
What is natural ventilation?
Natural ventilation uses the natural forces of wind and buoyancy to deliver fresh air into buildings.
What is daylighting?
The practice of placing windows, or other transparent media, and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural light provides effective internal illumination.
What standard applies to natural ventilation?
ASHRAE 62.1
What type of impact do HFCs have on the ozone layer?
HFCs have a low impact on the ozone layer but many HFCs have a high Global Warming Potential (GWP)
What is free energy?
Energy with low/no-cost that comes as a result of building design.
(Examples include daylighting, natural ventilation, or onsite solar power/wind energy.)