Energy Flashcards
mitochondiopathies has the greatest effect on which tissue type?
brain and muscle (large and dynamic energy processes/high energy demands)
Which are the most important mechanisms associated with pain?
Neuromuscular imbalances and microglial activation.
What are the common nutritional deficits that are correlated with recurrent migraine HAs?
Coq10, D3, magnesium, B6 (pyridoxine), and EPA
Lab findings that are signs of mitochondrial dysfunction?
low RBC magnesium and low ferritin
critical nutrients for ATP synthesis via electron transport pathway
riboflavin (B2) and niacin (B3)
What is the critical co-factor/nutrient for CYP450 activity?
iron
What can increase levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)?
moderate calorie restriction and docosahexaenoid acid (DHA) - they are pro fasting/keto and cog decline
What are important triggers/mediators of altered membrane potential than can lead to chronic pain?
toxic exposure and type II diabetes can contribute to alterations in resting membrane potentials, perpetuating chronic pain
What nutrient could be protective against Alzheimers disease?
Vitamin D
What FM labs might be utilized to determine mitochondrial dysfunction?
Lactate/pyruvate, low magnesium, low COQ10, ox stress marries, organic acid urine testing , acylcarnitines,
What enzymes protect from ROS and what are key nutrients for their function?
catalase (Fe)
superoxide dismutase-SOD (zn, Cu, Mn)
Glutathione peroxide (se) and reductase
What are key dietary anti-oxidants?
vitamin C, vitamin E, Carotenoids
What are key endogenous anti-oxidant molecules?
glutathione, cysteine, coq10, LPA, uric acid, cholesterol
How do you build a stone foundation for pain patients?
food, mito support, healthy fats, health glycemic response, address the gut (5 Rs), modulate stress, movement,
Which treatments would be most helpful to encourage mitochondrial biogenesis?
exercise and fasting
what nutrient has the potential to be toxic to the mitochondria?
Iron
What is the potential impact of metals on heme production?
heavy metals inhibit, energy suffers
What is a plant constituent that is a strong inducer of NRF-2?
broccoli/sulfuraphane - NRF-2 is good thing = glutathione = antioxidants
What are the signs and symptoms/conditions of mitochondropathy?
hypoglycemia, fatigue, depression, migraines, muscle wasting, HAs, neuropathic pain,
38yo with headaches, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction - what lab testing would confirm mitochondrial dysfunction?
elevated oxidative stress markers in association with mitochondrial dysfunction
Is the ketogenic diet potentially therapeutic for mitochondrial dysfunction?
Yes - mimics fasting state
Is exercise beneficial to mitochondrial dysfunction?
Yes - stimulates important signals that control mitochondrial biogenesis and function
What nutrient co-factors are considered with mitochondrial dysfunction?
B vitamins
Fe, mag (ATP production)
CoQ10
Carnitine
Know examples of direct antioxidants
vit C, A, E
ALA, CoQ10
NAC
Se, Cu, Mn (cofactors for antioxidant enzymes)
Know examples to indirect antioxidants
ex: sulforaphane/cruciferous, silymarin (milk thistle) ECGC Resveratrol Curcumin
what are examples of lipid replacement therapies?
phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine
Glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme whose action is most dependent on what metallic co-factor?
Selenium
common clinical findings associated with centralized pain?
irritable bowel syndrome
What are some underlying mechanisms of pain?
inflammatory mediators, neurotransmitter/receptor imbalances, microglia activation, neuro-muscular structural/functional imbalances, genetic
highly recommended diet/nutrient status points to check in patients at risk for neurodegenerative conditions with hx or labs tests include
N3:6 and vitamin D, Phytonutrient diversity and brassica intake, mindful of protein and quality if vegan/veg
nutrients for depression
EPA, vitamin D, mag, Bs, Same, 5HTP, tyrosine, NAC, zinc
Which of the following, if prescribed in excess, is most likely to be associated with peripheral neuropathy?
B6
Ketone production is upregulated by
Medium‐chain triglycerides
A 43‐year‐old male presents with fatigue, depression, headaches, exercise‐induced myalgia, muscle cramping, pain in his lower extremities, gastroesophageal reflux, irritable bowel, and type 2 diabetes. His occupation involves cabinet lamination, painting, and staining for the past 15 years. Physical examination noted moderate muscle loss and absent deep tendon reflexes. His laboratory findings include elevated plasma pyruvate, lactate, alanine, glycine analytes, and a low reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Which group of nutrients would be considered primary for this patient?
Phospholipids, lipoic acid, n‐acetylcysteine, riboflavin, and coenzyme Q10
Which fatty acids are most rapidly absorbed to transiently increase ketone body formation?
Medium chain triglycerides
A 42-year-old female presents with a history of depression for the past 20 years. She has tried a variety of SSRIs and other antidepressants over that time with only partial response and is interested in a more comprehensive approach. She has a strong family history of depression, as well as a history of schizophrenia on her paternal side. The most useful single nucleotide polymorphism to test would be
MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase)
Which of the following is a late sign of neurodegenerative disease? A.Decreased sense of smell B.Difficulty with word finding C.Memory loss D.Fatigue
Memory loss
A 42-year-old male presents with depression, insomnia, brain fog, and chronic low back pain. Which is not a clinical finding associated with central sensitization of pain? A.Depression
B.Insomnia
C.Brain fog
D.All of the above can be associated with central sensitization of pain
All of the above can be associated with central sensitization of pain
The most important nutrients for fatty acid oxidation are:
Carnitine, riboflavin (B2), and niacin (B3)
Which of the following nutrients are considered conditionally essential? A.Glutathione and arachidonic acid
B.Betaine and ketones
C.Short-chain fatty acids and tyrosine
D.Taurine and pantethine
A.Glutathione and arachidonic acid
Which of the following are the most important nutrients or enzymes that protect the body from oxidative stress?
Superoxide dismutase and vitamin E
The Mito Food Plan features include
Emphasis on high fat and low grain
Advanced glycation end products are found highest in:
Oven fried chicken
