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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What is energy?

A

a system’s ability to do work/ make something happen

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2
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

the energy of motion

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3
Q

What is the relationship between kinetic energy and speed?

A

as speed doubles, kinetic energy quadruples

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4
Q

Kinetic energy equation

A

K = 1/2mv^2

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5
Q

Potential Energy

A

energy associated with a given object’s position in space or other intrinsic qualities of the system

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6
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

energy that depends on the an object’s position relative to the ground

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7
Q

Equation for gravitational potential energy

A 
U = mgh
U = potential energy
h = height relative to ground/ zero potential level
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8
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

when a spring is moved from equilibrium

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9
Q

Equation for elastic potential energy

A 
U = 1/2kx^2
k = spring constant
x= magnitude of displacement from equilibrium
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10
Q

Equation for total mechanical energy

A

E = U + K

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11
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Conservation of mechanical energy - energy is never created or destroyed - only transferred

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12
Q

What are conservative forces?

A

those that are path independent and do not dissipate energy

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13
Q

What are nonconservative forces?

A

They are path dependent and cause dissipation of mechanical energy of a system.

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14
Q

Examples of nonconservative forces

A

friction, air resistance, or viscous drag

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15
Q

What is work?

A

the process by which energy is transferred form one system to another

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16
Q

Equation for work

A 
W = F*d = Fdcostheta
theta = angle between the applied force vector and the displacement vector
d = magnitude of displacement through which the force is applied
17
Q

How do you interpret volume pressure curves?

A

the area under the curse / enclosed by is the work done

18
Q

What is the work energy theorem?

A

expressed the relationship through this equation:

Wnet = deltaK = Kf - Ki

19
Q

What is isovolunmetric/ isochoric process?

A

When the volume doesn’t change with pressure or vice versa

20
Q

What is the equation for work with isobaric processes?

A 
W = PdeltaV
p = pressure
v = volume
21
Q

What is power?

A

Power is the rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another

22
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

P = W/t = deltaE/t

23
Q

What is the unit for power?

A

Watt = J/s

24
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

the ratio of magnitudes of the force exerted on an object by a simple machine (Fout) to the force actually applied on the simple machine (Fin)

25
Q

What is the equation for mechanical advantage?

A

MA = Fout/Fin

26
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Efficiency = Wout/Win = (load)(load distance)/(effort)(effort distance)

Physics (10 decks)

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