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Physics > Circuits > Flashcards

Circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

What is current?

A

considered the flow of positive charge

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2
Q

What is the unit for conductivity?

A

Siemens (S) or Siemens/meter

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3
Q

Metallic Conductivity relies on …..

A

the uniform movement of free electrons in metallic bonds

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4
Q

Electrolytic Conductivity relies on ….

A

the ion concentration of a solution

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5
Q

What is the equation for current?

A 
I = Q/deltat 
Q = charge
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6
Q

What is the unit for current?

A

ampere (1 A = 1 C/s)

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7
Q

Direct Current vs Alternating Current

A

DC - charge flows in one direction only

AC - charge changes direction periodically

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8
Q

What is electromotive force?

A

“pressure to move” - the voltage when there are no charges moving between the two terminals

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9
Q

What is Kirchhoff’s two rules?

A

Junction Rule and Loop Rule

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10
Q

What is Kirchhoff’s Junction Rule?

A

at any point or junction in a circuit, the sum of currents directed into that point equals the sum of current directed away from the point
Current(into junction) = Current(leaving junction)

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11
Q

What is Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule?

A

Around any closed circuit loop, the sum of voltage sources will always be equal to the sum of voltage (potential) drops
V(source) = V(drop)

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12
Q

What is voltage?

A

the potential difference between two points

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13
Q

What is the unit for voltage?

A

volts (J/C)

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14
Q

What is conductivity?

A

reciprocal of resistance; measure of permissiveness to current flow

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15
Q

The conductivity in ______ solutions is always lower than in _____ solutions.

A

nonionic;ionic

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16
Q

What is resistance?

A

the opposition within any material to the movement and flow of charge

17
Q

What is the equation for the resistance of a resistor?

A 
R = pL/A 
R = resistance
p = resistivity
L = length of the resistor
A = cross-sectional area
18
Q

What is resistivity and its units?

A

p - intrinsic resistance to current flow in a material

units = ohm-meter

19
Q

If a resistor’s cross-sectional area is doubled, its resistance will be cut in ______.

A

half

20
Q

What are conduction pathways?

A

the number of pathways that current can flow through the resistor - the wider the resistor, the more pathways

21
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A 
V = IR
V = voltage drop
I = current
R = magnitude of the resistance in ohms
22
Q

Equation for actual voltage of a cell

A

V = Ecell - ir(int)
r(int) - internal resistance of the cell
Ecell = emf of the cell
i = current through the cell

23
Q

What is the equation for power in relation to current?

A 
P = IV
I = current
V = voltage
24
Q

Series vs Parallel

A

Series - which all current must pass sequentially through each resistor connected in linear arrangement
Parallel - which the current will divide to pass through resistors separately

25
Q

What is equivalent/resultant resistance?

A

the sum of all the individual resistances of resistors that are in series

26
Q

What is the equation for calculating resistance in parallel?

A

I/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + … + 1/Rn

27
Q

The total resistance is _____ by wiring two identical resistors in parallel.

A

halved

28
Q

What are capacitors?

A

devices that can hold charge at a particular voltage

29
Q

What is the equation and units for capacitance?

A 
C = Q/V
Q = charge
V = voltage
Units = farad (1 F = 1 C/V)
30
Q

What is the equation for capacitance of a parallel plate?

A 
C = E0*(A/d)
E0 = 8.85 x 10 -12 F/m
A = area of overlap of the two plates
d = separation of the two plates
31
Q

What is the potential energy in a capacitor?

A

U = 1/2CV^2

32
Q

What is a dielectric material?

A

an insulator

33
Q

What is a dielectric constant?

A

(k) - measure of its insulating ability

34
Q

What is the equation with capacitance due to a dielectric material?

A 
C' = kC
C' = new capacitance with the dielectric present
k = dielectric constant
C = old capacitance
35
Q

What is the equation for the equivalent capacitance for capacitors in series?

A

1/Ctot = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + … + 1/Cn

36
Q

What is the equation for the equivalent capacitance for capacitors in parallel?

A

Ctot = C1 + C2 + … + Cn

37
Q

What are ammeters?

A

used to measure the current at some point within the circuit

38
Q

What is a voltmeter?

A

measure voltage drop across two points in a circuit

39
Q

What is an ohmmeter?

A

measure resistance

Physics (10 decks)

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