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Physics > Electrostatics and Magnetism > Flashcards

Electrostatics and Magnetism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is electrostatics?

A

the study of stationary charges and the forces that are created by and which act upon these charges

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2
Q

What is grounding?

A

the act of returning charge to the earth

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3
Q

What is the coulomb?

A

fundamental unit of charge

e = 1.60x10-19 C

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4
Q

What is the charge of a proton and electron

A

1 C each but protons are positive, electrons negative

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5
Q

What is an insulator?

A

an object that will not easily distribute a charge over its surface and will not transfer that charge to another neural object very well

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6
Q

What is a conductor?

A

an object where the charges will distribute evenly on the surface and can transfer charges well

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7
Q

What is Coulomb’s Law?

A 
Fe = kq1q2/r^2
Fe = magnitude of the electrostatic force
k = Coulomb's constant = 8.99 x 10^9
q1/q2 = magnitudes of the charges
r = distance between the charges
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8
Q

What is the electric fields?

A

fields exert forces on other charges that move through their space

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9
Q

Test charge vs source charge

A 
Test charge (q) - the charge placed in the electric field
Source charge (Q) - the charge creating the electric field
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10
Q

What is the equation for calculating an electric field?

A 
E = Fe/q = kQ/r^2
E = electric field magnitude in N/C
Fe = magnitude of the force felt by the test charge q
k = electrostatic/Coulomb's constant
Q = source charge magnitude
r = distance between charges
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11
Q

What are field lines?

A

imaginary lines that represent how a positive test charge would move in the presence of the source charge

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12
Q

What is electric potential energy?

A

stored energy that comes from the relative position of one charge with respect to another charge, or collection of charges

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13
Q

What is the electric potential energy equation?

A 
U = kQq/r
U = electric potential energy
k = electrostatic/Coulomb's constant
Q = source charge magnitude
q = test charge magnitude
r = distance
like charge will produce positive U and unlike charges are -U
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14
Q

What change in potential energy would make a system for stable?

A

A decrease so 5 J —> 2J or -4 J —> -7 J

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15
Q

What is electric potential and its equation?

A 
the ratio of the magnitude of a charge's electric potential energy to the magnitude of the charge itself
V = U/q = kQ/r
V = electric potential in volts (J/C)
U = potential energy
q = test charge
k = coulombs constant
Q = source charge
r = distance
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16
Q

What potential difference and it’s equation?

A

the difference between electric potentials at two points, aka voltage
deltaV = Vb - Va = Wab / q
Wab = work needed to move a test charge q through an electric field from point a to point b

17
Q

What is an equipotential line?

A

a line on which the potential at every point is the same

18
Q

What is an electric dipole?

A

a molecule that results from two equal and opposite charges being separated by a small distance d from each other

19
Q

What is the equation for dipole moment?

A 
p = qd
p = dipole moment
20
Q

Equation for electric potential of a dipole

A

V = kqd/r^2 * costheta

21
Q

What is the perpendicular bisector of the dipole?

A

an important equipotential line to be aware of is the plane that lines halfway between +q and -q

22
Q

What is the equation for the magnitude of an electric field on a perpendicular bisector?

A

E = k x p/r^3

23
Q

Equation for torque of the dipole

A

T = pEsintheta

24
Q

What is a magnetic field?

A

a field that can act on charges and was created by a moving charge

25
Q

What is the unit for magnetic field strength?

A

Tesla (T) = Ns/mC

26
Q

What are diamagnetic materials?

A

material made of atoms with no unpaired electrons and have no net magnetic field

27
Q

What are paramagnetic materials?

A

material made of atom that have unpaired electrons and a magnetic dipole moment; become weakly magnetized in presence of an external magnetic field; Al, Cu, Au

28
Q

What are ferromagnetic materials?

A

material made of atom that have unpaired electrons and a magnetic dipole moment; become strongly magnetized when exposed to an external magnetic field; iron, nickel, cobalt

29
Q

What is the equation for the magnetic field of a long straight wire?

A 
B = mu0I/2pir
B = magnetic field
r = distance of the magnetic field from the wire
mu0 = 4pi x 10^-7
I = current
30
Q

What is the equation for the magnetic field of a circular wire loop?

A 
B = mu0I/2r 
B = magnetic field
r = distance of the magnetic field from the wire
mu0 = 4pi x 10^-7
I = current
31
Q

What is Lorentz force?

A

sum of electrostatic and magnetic forces

32
Q

What is the equation for magnetic force?

A

F(subB) = qvBsintheta

33
Q

What is the equation for magnetic force on a straight wire?

A

F(subB) = ILBsintheta

Physics (10 decks)

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