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Physics paper 1 - AQA/GCSE > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the energy stores?

A
  • thermal
  • kinetic
  • gravitational potential
  • elastic potential
  • chemical
  • magnetic
  • electrostatic
  • nuclear
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2
Q

how is energy transferred?

A
  • mechanically
  • electrically
  • heating
  • radiation
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3
Q

what is work done?

A

energy transfer

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4
Q

what is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

kinetic energy = 1/2mv^2

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5
Q

what is the equation for gravitation potential energy?

A

GPE = m x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x h

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6
Q

what is the equation for elastic potential energy ?

A

EPE = 1/2 x spring constant x extenstion^2

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7
Q

what is specific heat capacity ?

A

-how hard it is to heat something up

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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8
Q

what is the equation for change in thermal energy?

A

change in thermal energy= m x specific heat capacity (j/kg) x temperature change

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9
Q

how do you investigate specific heat capacities?

A
  • block of material with 2 holes, one for heater and one for thermometer
  • measure mass of block
  • insulate to reduce energy transfer
  • measure initial temperature
  • set power supply to 10 V and start stopwatch
  • note temperature every minute (current SHOULD NOT change )
  • 10 reading then turn of power supply
  • use equation to find specific heat capacity
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10
Q

what is the equation for power?

A 
power = energy transfer / time 
OR 
power = work done / time 
OR 
power = I^2 x R
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11
Q

what is the conservation of energy principle ?

A

energy CAN be transferred but can NEVER be created or destroyed

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12
Q

what does dissipated energy mean ?

A

wasted energy

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13
Q

what is power measured in ?

A

WATTS

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14
Q

what does one watt equal =

A

1 joule of energy transferred per second

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15
Q

what is conduction?

A

conduction = is the process where vibrating particles transfer to neighbouring particles

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16
Q

what energy store is heating?

A

THERMAL STORE

17
Q

what is thermal conductivity?

A

a measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material . High thermal conductivity means there is quick transfer of energy between particles .

18
Q

what is convection?

A

convection is where energetic particles move AWAY from HOTTER TO COOLER

  • only in LIQUIDS and GASSES
19
Q

what happens when you heat a gas or liquid?

A

as particles can move, the space between the particles increase, causes density to decrease

20
Q

how can a house be insulated ?

A
  • thicker/ cavity walls
  • thermal insulation
  • loft insulation eg. fibreglass wool
  • double glazed windows
21
Q

how can you investigate the effectiveness of insulators ?

A
  • boil water in a kettle in a sealable container and measure mass
  • measure initial temperature
  • seal container and wait 5 minutes
  • remove lid and measure final temperature
  • repeat with a different material wrapped around the container
22
Q

what is the equation for efficiency?

A

useful output / total input

23
Q

what is one of the only devices that can be 100% efficient?

A

an electric heater

24
Q

how is energy wasted ?

A

HEAT

SOUND

25
Q

what are the three main fossil fuels ?

A
  • coal
  • oil
  • gas (natural)
26
Q

what is a finite resource?

A
  • they will run out
  • damage the environment
  • provide most of our energy
27
Q

what is are some examples of renewable energy?

A
  • solar
  • wind
  • hydro electric
  • geothermal
  • tides
28
Q

what is renewable energy?

A
  • never runs out
  • less damage to the environment than fossil fuels
  • can be unreliable
29
Q

what non-renewable energy resources are used for transport?

A
  • PETROL and DIESEL —-> cars

- COAL —->trains

30
Q

what is a renewable energy resource for vehicles?

A

BIO FUELS

31
Q

positives and negatives for wind turbines?

A 
\+ 
no pollution 
minimum running cost
no permanent damage to the landscape  
-
1500 turbines = one coal-fired power station
noisy 
spoils the view
32
Q

what is a bio fuel made from?

A

PLANTS and WASTE
solid or liquid or gas
it can be burnt to produce electricity
used in the same ways as fossil fuels

33
Q

what are the positive aspects of bio-fuels?

A
  • carbon neutral IF plants are being grown at the same rate as burning
  • reliable
34
Q

what are the negative aspects of bio-fuels?

A
  • can’t respond to immediate demand
  • takes up space and water that could be used to grow food
  • needs a lot of space that has lead to some deforestation and destruction of animals habitats .
35
Q

how does fossil fuels impact the environment?

A
  • burning them release carbon dioxide which adds the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming
  • burning coal and oil releases sulfur oxide which causes acid rain

Physics paper 1 - AQA/GCSE (4 decks)

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