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Physics paper 1 - AQA/GCSE > electricity > Flashcards

electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is current?

A

the flow of electric current

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2
Q

what is the potential difference??

A
  • VOLTAGE

- pushes the charge around the circuit

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3
Q

what is resistance?

A

slows down the circuit’s flow

ohms

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4
Q

what is the equation for charge?

A

charge= current x time

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5
Q

what is the equation for pd?

A

pd = current x resistance

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6
Q

what is a ohmic conductor?

A

has a constant resistance at a constant temperature

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7
Q

what does the resistance of a diode depend on?

A

DIRECTION OF CURRENT

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8
Q

what increases the resistance in a filament?

A
  • TEMPERATURE

- current increases —> temperature increases —-> resistance increases

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9
Q

where is an ammeter in a circuit?

A

SERIES

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10
Q

where is a voltmeter in a circuit?

A
  • PARALLEL with component
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11
Q

how do you investigate the factors affecting resistance ?

A
  • crocodile clip at 0cm , 2nd crocodile clip at 10cm (note length
  • close the switch and record the current
  • repeat with different lengths
  • use measurements of pd and current to calculate resistance and plot on a graph (should be a straight line as it is directly proportional)
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12
Q

what are “I - V characteristics?

A

” I - V characteristics” is the graph showing current and pd

  • LINEAR COMPONENTS: straight line
  • NON-LINEAR COMPONENTS: curve
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13
Q

what is an LDR?

A

resistor that depends on light intensity
- bright light resistance falls
- darkness resistance increases
uses= outdoor lighting

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14
Q

what is a thermistor ?

A

resistor that depends on temperature
- hot resistance drops
- cool resistance goes up
uses= car engines

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15
Q

what happens to CELL pd in a series circuit?

A

POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE ADDS UP

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16
Q

what happens to the total pd?

A

it is SHARED

V total = V1 + V2 + …

17
Q

what is the current like in a series circuit?

A

ALL THE SAME

I1 = I2 = …

18
Q

what happens to resistance in a series circuit ?

A

ADDS UP

R total = R1 + R2

19
Q

what is the pd link in a parallel circuit?

A

THE SAME

V1 = V2 = V3 = …

20
Q

what is current like in a parallel circuit?

A

SHARED

I total = I1 + I2 + …

21
Q

what happens to the resistance in a parallel circuit ?

A

total resistance DECREASES

22
Q

what is ac ?

A

MAINS SUPPLY

23
Q

what is dc ?

A

BATTERIES

24
Q

what is the neutral wire ?

A
  • BLUE
  • completes the circuit
  • 0V
25
Q

what is the live wire ?

A
  • BROWN
  • provides alternative pd
  • 230 V
26
Q

what is the earth wire?

A
  • GREEN AND YELLOW
  • doesn’t carry current / 0V
  • protects the wiring / for safety
27
Q

why would touching a live wore give you an electric shock ?

A
  • our body is 0V

- live wire has a large pd that will be produced across your body and current flows through you

28
Q

what is the equation for energy transfer with power ?

A

energy transfer = power x time

29
Q

what is the equation for energy transfer with pd?

A

energy transfer = charge flow x pd

30
Q

what is the national grid ?

A

transfers electrical power from power station to anywhere on the grid ( eg homes)

31
Q

what does the national grid use ?

A

HIGH pd and LOW current —> wires heat up (energy loss)

  • transmit huge power
  • cheaper
  • requires pylons/ insulators/ transformers
32
Q

what happens in a step up transformer ?

A

PD IS INCREASED

33
Q

what happens in a step down transformer ?

A

PD IS DECREASED

Physics paper 1 - AQA/GCSE (4 decks)

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