Energy Flashcards
Chemistry is the study of ______, _______, the ________ that matter undergoes and the ________ associated with these changes
Matter, properties, changes, energy
Anything that has the capacity to do work or transfer heat
Energy
Equation proving matter and energy are inter-changeable
e = mc^2
The three ways we sense energy
Motion, light, and heat
First law of thermodynamics
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
Second law of thermodynamics
Energy cant be used to do work with 100% efficiency
Energy due to the position of an object
Potential energy
Energy due to the motion of an object
Kinetic energy
_____ energy states are more stable and are favored over ________ energy states
Lower, higher
Systems of charges particles
Atoms
______ charges attract
Opposite
Energy of motion of all nano-scale objects such as atoms and molecules
Thermal energy
All matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Molecules vibrate in place
Solids
Molecules slide around each other
Liquids
Molecules travel in straight lines until they collide changing direction
Gases
The average kinetic energy of all the particles is known as the
Temperature
Energy flows out of the system to the surrounding
Exothermic
Energy flows into the system from the surrounding
Endothermic
Molecules are held together by ______ bonds
Chemical
An SI unit derived for energy
Joule (J)
Is the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water by 1 degree C
A calorie
1 calorie = ______ J
4.184
1 Calorie = ______ calories
1000 calories
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter
Change in which the matter’s appearance is altered, but the composition remains unchanged.
Physical
One or more substances of entirely different composition from the original substances
Chemical
Uniform throughout
Homogeneous
Not uniform, localized areas with different properties
Heterogeneous
The simplest type of substance with unique physical and chemical properties
Element
A structure that consists of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together and thus behaves as an independent unit
Molecule
A substance composed of two or more elements which are chemically combined
Compound
Made from combinations of nonmetals and metals
Inorganic compounds
Made from chains and rings of carbons including plastics and polymers
Organic compound
A group of two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically intermingles (not chemically bonded)
Mixture
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Gas to solid
Deposition
Solid to liquid
Melting
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Liquid to gas
Vaporization
Gas to liquid
Condensation
What is enthalpy
Heat energy
