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Chemistry Santa Fe > Atomic Theory > Flashcards

Atomic Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Conservation of Mass

A

matter is neither created nor destroyed

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2
Q

Who wrote the conservation of mass

A

Lavoisier in 1787

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3
Q

All samples of the same compound contain the same proportions by mass of the component elements

A

Law of Definite Composition, Proust 1804

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4
Q

When combining two elements to make different compounds, the masses combine in whole number ratios

A

Law of Multiple Proportions, Dalton 1808

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5
Q

Who created atomic theory

A

John Dalton

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6
Q

Postulate 1

A

all matter is composed of exceedingly small, indivisible particles called atoms

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7
Q

Postulate 2

A

All atoms of a given element are identical both in mass and in chemical properties. However, atoms of different elements have different masses and different chemical properties

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8
Q

Postulate 3

A

Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. They are simply rearranged.

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9
Q

Postulate 4

A

Atoms combine in simple, fixed, whole-number ratios to form compounds.

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10
Q

Who discovered electrons?

A

JJ Thompson (1897)

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11
Q

What device was used to discover the electron?

A

Cathode Ray

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12
Q

Who discovered the nucleus?

A

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

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13
Q

Who created the plumb putting model?

A

JJ Thompson

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14
Q

Who were the earliest people to have ideas about atoms?

A

Democritus and Leucippus

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15
Q

Democritus came up with the name atomos, which means?

A

uncuttable

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16
Q

Who created the first scientific model of an atom?

A

John Dalton

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17
Q

What experiment confirmed the existence of a nucleus?

A

Gold foil experiment by Rutherford

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18
Q

When was the nuclear model first created

A

1911

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19
Q

Who created the planetary model of an atom?

A

Neils Bohr (1913)

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20
Q

atoms of an element with the same number of protons, but a different number of electrons

A

Isotopes

21
Q

Elements exist in nature as a ________ of isotopes

A

mixture

22
Q

A charged atom that has gained or lost electron(s)

A

Ion

23
Q

ion with a positive charge

A

cation

24
Q

ion with a negative charge

A

anion

25
Q

Is Mg2+ a cation or anion?

A

cation

26
Q

Is N3- a cation or anion

A

anion

27
Q

What is the standard unit of mass on the atomic/molecular level

A

Carbon-12 Isotope

28
Q

how many g is 1 amu

A

1.6606 x 10^-24 g

29
Q

how many amu is a proton

A

~1

30
Q

how many amu is an electron

A

~0

31
Q

how many amu is a neutron

A

~1

32
Q

The current name for amu

A

dalton (Da)

33
Q

the weighted average of isotopes

A

relative atomic mass

34
Q

developed the first periodic table

A

Dmitiri Mendeleev (1869)

35
Q

The columns are collectively called families or _____ and are designated in two ways:

A

groups

36
Q

The rows are collectively called ____

A

periods

37
Q

Where does the periodic pattern come from?

A

the pattern is related to the location of electrons around the nucleus

38
Q

The model of the atom helps us understand the _____ ______ of the table

A

periodic nature

39
Q

student of rutherford

A

Neils Bohr

40
Q

electrons orbit the nucleus in circular pathways

A

planetary model

41
Q

Who created the quantum mechanical model

A

Erwin Shrodinger

42
Q

established existence and mass of neutron

A

James Chadwick (1932)

43
Q

Uncertainty principle can know exact position or momentum if electron but not both

A

Werner Heisenberg (1926)

44
Q

The electrons in the outer most shell are known as

A

valence electrons

45
Q

elements with the same number of valence electrons have

A

similar reactivity

46
Q

The most stable (least reactive) elements

A

noble gases

47
Q

metals can __________, thereby becoming cations

A

lose valence e-

48
Q

nonmetals tend to _______________, thereby becoming anions

A

gain extra valence e-

Chemistry Santa Fe (9 decks)

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