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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What equation do you use for calculating kinetic energy?

A

………………………..2

Ek = 0.5 x m x v

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2
Q

What is GPE?

A

It is the ENERGY STORED in an object due to its position ABOVE the EARTH’S SURFACE.

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3
Q

What equation do you use for calculating gravitational potential energy?

A

Ep = m x g x h

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4
Q

What is meant by the specific heat capacity of a substance?

A

It is the amount of ENERGY required to raise the TEMPERATURE of 1 kg of the SUBSTANCE by 1 °C.

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5
Q

What equation do you use for calculating specific heat capacity?

A

change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change ΔE = m x c x ∆θ

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6
Q

What is meant by the conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated but it CANNOT be created or destroyed

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7
Q

What is meant by a closed system?

A

Where no ENERGY can ENTER or LEAVE.

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8
Q

What is work?

A

Work done is whenever energy is transferred from ONE STORE TO ANOTHER.

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9
Q

What equation do you use for calculating work done?

A

work done (J) = force (N) x distance

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10
Q

What is power?

A

It is the RATE at which ENERGY is TRANSFERRED or the rate at which WORK IS DONE.

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11
Q

What equation links to power energy transferred and time?

A

power (W) = energy transferred (J) / time (s)

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12
Q

What equation links to power work done and time?

A

power (W) = work done (J) / time (s)

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13
Q

What two equations do you use to calculate efficiency?

A

Efficiency = Useful output energy transfer / Total input energy transfer

Efficiency = Useful power output / Total power input

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14
Q

What is meant by thermal conductivity?

A

The RATE at which HEAT passes through a specified material.

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15
Q

Name the 3 main fossil fuels

A
  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Gas
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16
Q

Give 3 advantages of using fossil fuels for energy.

A
  • RELIABLE.
  • They release a great deal of ENERGY
  • They are ABUNDANT (existing or available in large quantities) and relatively CHEAP.
17
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of using fossil fuels for energy.

A
  • Releases huge amount of CO2
  • They are NON-RENEWABLE
  • They can release OTHER POLLUTANTS.
18
Q

What is nuclear power and what 2 main elements do nuclear power plants use?

A

Nuclear power is electric or motive power generated by a nuclear reactor. Its NON-RENEWABLE, and nuclear power plants run on elements URANIUM and PLUTONIUM.

19
Q

Give 2 advantages of using nuclear power.

A
  • Does not release CO2
  • Extremely RELIABLE
20
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of using nuclear power.

A
  • Nuclear power plants contain highly DANGEROUS RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS.
  • DECOMMISSIONING a nuclear power plant takes many YEARS and is extremely EXPENSIVE.
21
Q

What 2 major benifits are there from switching from coal to gas?

A
  • Burning gas generates LESS CO2 than burning coal (contributes LESS to CLIMATE CHANGE.
  • Gas-fired power stations are FLEXIBLE. They can be switched on QUICKLY during periods of high demand (SHORT start up time compared to coal).
22
Q

What is meant by a renewable energy resource?

A

It is one that is being REPLENISHED as it is USED.

23
Q

Name 3 non-renewable energy resources.

A

Any 3 from:

  • coal
  • oil
  • gas
  • nuclear
24
Q

Name 3 renewable energy resources.

A

Any 3 from:

  • wind power
  • solar power
  • hydroelectric power
  • geothermal
  • waves
  • tides
  • wood
25
Q

Give a disadvantage of renewable energy resources.

A

They all generate ELECTRICITY so for TRANSPORT would not be so great as almost all cars in the UK run on PETROL and DIESEL (FOSSIL FUELS).

26
Q

Give 2 advantages of renewable energy resources.

A
  • They will NEVER run out
  • They do NOT add any CO2 to the atmosphere, so do not contribute to climate change.
27
Q

Why is it better to use more renewable energy resources rather than non-renwable resources?

A
  • Non-renewables cause pollution
  • Renewables are replaced
  • Using more renwables conserves non-renwables
28
Q

What is hydroelectric power?

A

When river water is trapped behind a dam and used to turn turbines .

29
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

When hot water and steam from deep underground can be used to drive turbines.

30
Q

What are fuels?

A

Sources of energy.

31
Q

Name 2 biofuels.

A

Any 2 from:

  • Ethanol fuel
  • Biodiesel
  • Diesel fuel
  • Biogas

Physics (10 decks)

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