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9 physics end of years > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

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1
Q

List all the forms of energy

A

Magnetic, Kinetic, Heat, Light,Gravitational Potential, Chemical, Sound, Electrical, Elastic, Nuclear

(MostKidsHateLearningGCSEEnergyNames)

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2
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can be transferred form one form to another

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3
Q

What is magnetic energy?

A

Energy in magnets and electromagnets

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4
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy in moving objects

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5
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Energy stored in raises objects, the higher the object the higher the GPE

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6
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy in fuel, foods and batteries

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7
Q

What is sound energy?

A

Energy released by vibrating objects

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8
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

Energy in moving charges or static electric charges

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9
Q

What is elastic (potential energy)?

A

Stored energy in stretched or squashed objects

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10
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Stored energy in the nuclei of atoms.

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11
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules (J)

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12
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

KE = mv²
——
2

m: mass (kg)
KE: kinetic energy (J)
v: velocity (m/s)

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13
Q

How would you work out the mass using the kinetic energy equation?

A

m = 2 x KE
———
v²

m: mass (kg)
KE: kinetic energy (J)
v: velocity (m/s)

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14
Q

How would you work out the velocity using the kinetic energy equation?

A

v² = 2 x KE
——— ———> √v
m

m: mass (kg)
KE: kinetic energy (J)
v: velocity (m/s)

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15
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

A

GPE = m x g x h

GPE: gravitational potential energy (J)

m: mass (kg)
g: gravitational field strength (N/kg)
h: height (m)

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16
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

efficiency = useful energy output
——————————
energy input

The higher the efficiency , the more efficient it is

17
Q

What is conduction?

A

A method in which heat can be transferred between objects

18
Q

How does conduction happen?

A

Particles are heated and they gain both heat energy and kinetic energy. The particles collide with others, sharing heat energy this continues along the whole solid until all the particles are vibrating quickly.

19
Q

What is the test for conduction?

A

The ball and the hoop

20
Q

Why does conduction only happen in solids?

A

In solids the particles are closer together as compared to liquids and gases and this means energy is transferred more effectively

21
Q

What is convection?

A

Heat transfer that occurs in fluids (liquids and gases)

22
Q

How does convection work?

A

When heat is added to the particles they rise and become less dense compared to the cooler ones. This is called the convection current.

23
Q

What is thermal radiation?

A

Thermal radiation presents the amount of heat energy given off. Larger, hotter objects emit more than smaller cooler ones

24
Q

What are the colours used in thermal radiation to represent heat energy?

A

❤ RED: hot (highest energy ❤
💚YELLOW/GREEN: (less hot than red) 💚
💙BLUE: cooler than yellow/green💙
💜PURPLE: coldest💜

25
Q

What significance is the colour black to thermal radiation?

A

The darker the colour, the better absorber of thermal radiation. Black is also the best emitter of thermal radiation

26
Q

How do surfaces work with thermal radiation?

A

The matte-er the surface, the better absorber/emitter. Silver surfaces are worse absorbers and emitters of thermal radiation however they are the best reflectors of thermal radiation.

27
Q

What is a vacuum flask?

A

Designed to prevent RADIATION EVAPORATION CONVECTION AND CONDUCTION.

28
Q

What is the function of a plastic cap in the vacuum flask?

A

poor conductor so it reduces energy transfer by convection and conduction. it also prevents evaporation as water cannot escape.

29
Q

Why is the vacuum flask double walled?

A

it is a poor conductor so it prevents conduction

30
Q

Why are the inside surfaces silver?

A

because silver reflects infrared radiation

31
Q

Why is it a vacuum?

A

it prevents energy transfer via conduction and convection

32
Q

What is meant by a closed system?

A

energy is neither going in or out.

33
Q

What happens to wasted energy?

A

it spreads out into the surroundings and nothing can be done because energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

9 physics end of years (6 decks)

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