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Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolute zero

A

The lowest possible temperature (-273 degrees)

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2
Q

Conduction

A

A method of heat Transfer in which heat is passed by vibration of particles

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3
Q

Conductor

A

A substance that allows heat to flow through it

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4
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat in a liquid or gas due to less dense, warmer matter rising and denser, cooler matter falling

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5
Q

Insulator

A

A material that does not conduct heat

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6
Q

Radiation

A

Movement of heat on the form of electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum

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7
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance that results in how hot or cold it is

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8
Q

Thermometer

A

An instrument used to measure temperature

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9
Q

Compression

A

A region of high pressure where particles are close together

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10
Q

Decibel (dB)

A

Unit used to measure loudness

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11
Q

Echo

A

A sound that is reflected and heard a second time

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12
Q

Frequency

A

The number of waves passing a point every second

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13
Q

Hertz (Hz)

A

The unit used to measure frequency

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14
Q

Infrasound

A

The sounds produced by waves of very low frequency less than 20Hz

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15
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

A wave in which the vibration is in the same direction that the wave is travelling

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16
Q

Rarefraftion

A

A region of low pressure in which particles are far apart

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17
Q

Sound wave

A

Regions of high and low pressure originating from a vibrating object and transmitted through a medium

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18
Q

Tinnitus

A

Constant ringing in the ears caused by prolonged exposure to loud sounds

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19
Q

Transverse wave

A

A wave in which the vibration is at right angles to the direction the wave is travelling

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20
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from one peak of a wave to the next

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21
Q

Ultrasound

A

The sounds produced by waves of greater frequency that humans can hear -20 000 Hz

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22
Q

Angle of incidence - i

A

The angle an incoming ray makes with the normal

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23
Q

Angle of reflection - r

A

The angle a reflected ray makes with the normal

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24
Q

Angle of refraction - r

A

The angle a refracted Ray makes with the normal

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25
Q

Critical angle

A

The angle of incidence of light that produces an angle of refraction of 90 degrees

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26
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

Reflection of light in many direction from an uneven surface

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27
Q

Incident Ray

A

Incoming Ray

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28
Q

Lateral inversion

A

The sideways or left to right reversal of an image in a plane mirror

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29
Q

Law of reflection

A

The law stating that light is reflected at the same angle that it is incident (i=r)

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30
Q

Normal

A

n imaginary line that is drawn at right angles to a surface that light is incident upon

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31
Q

Plane mirror

A

Flat Mirror

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32
Q

Refraction

A

The bending of light as it enters of leaves different substances

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33
Q

Refractive index

A

A measure of how easily light travels through a substance

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34
Q

Regular reflection

A

Reflection of light from a very smooth surface, such as still water it a mirror, it produces a clear image

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35
Q

Total internal reflection

A

When light in completely reflected from the boundary of two substances, it occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle

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36
Q

Virtual image

A

A type of image formed in which the rays of light do not actually meet, but only appear to meet at a point inside the mirror

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37
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

A range of electromagnetic waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields travelling at the speed of light

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38
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

The entire range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, from high energy gamma rays to low energy radio waves

39
Q

Electromagnetic wave

A

Transverse electric and magnetic fields positioned at right angles to each other and travelling through empty space at the speed of light

40
Q

Frequency

A

The number of waves produced per second, measured in hertz

41
Q

Gamma rays

A

Extremely high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive materials

42
Q

Infrared radiation

A

A band of the electromagnetic spectrum with energies just below that of visible light, detected by our skin as heat

43
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

A wave which its particles vibrate in the same direction as that of a wave itself

44
Q

Microwaves

A

Electromagnetic radiation with wavelngths ranging from a fraction of a millimeter to tens of centimeters, used in communication and cooking

45
Q

Radio waves

A

Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from hundreds of meters to tens of centimeters, used in communication

46
Q

Transverse wave

A

A wave in which its particles vibrate at right angles to the direction of the motion of a wave

47
Q

Ultraviolet light

A

A band of electromagnetic radiation with energies just above those of visible light, contained in sunlight

48
Q

Visible light

A

A band of electromagnetic radiation detected by our eyes

49
Q

Wave motion

A

The transfer of energy without transferring matter

50
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between successive wave crests meseaured in meters

51
Q

X rays

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate material

52
Q

Colour filter

A

A transparent material that allows light of a particular colour to pass through

53
Q

Dispersion

A

Splitting of white light into seperation colours

54
Q

Polarized

A

Electromagnetic radiation that is travelling in a single plane

55
Q

Primary colours of light

A

Red green and blue

56
Q

Secondary colours of light

A

Cyan, yellow and magenta

57
Q

Visible spectrum

A

The range of colours that can be seen by the eye (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet)

58
Q

Circuit diagram

A

A simplified and short hand version of a circuit, shows how all components in a circuit are connected

59
Q

Components

A

The parts of a circuit (light globes, switches, resistors, wires, globes and batteries)

60
Q

Current

A

The flow of charge

61
Q

Electric circuit

A

The path down which charge flows

62
Q

Electrons

A

Tiny negative particles spinning around the nucleus of an atom

63
Q

Ion

A

A charged atom created when electrons are gained or lost

64
Q

Neutral

A

Having no charge

65
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral particles found in the nuclei of most atoms

66
Q

Nucleus

A

The core of an atom, it contains protons and neutrons

67
Q

Protons

A

Positive particles found in the nuclei of an atom

68
Q

Static electricity

A

The build up of electric charge on a surface

69
Q

Ammeter

A

An instrument that measures current

70
Q

Ampere

A

The unit used to measure sure to, unit symbol is A

71
Q

Conductor

A

Material that allows a current to pass through it

72
Q

Dry cell

A

A compact cell that uses a paste and not liquid for an electrolyte

73
Q

Electrolyte

A

A conducting solution in a battery

74
Q

Insulator

A

Material that does not conduct electricity

75
Q

Ohm

A

The unit used to measure resistance

76
Q

Parallel

A

When components are connected in branches adjacent to one another, voltmeters are connected in parallel

77
Q

Photovoltaic cell

A

A solar cell, directly converts solar energy into electric energy

78
Q

Resistance

A

A measure of how difficult it is for current to pass, measured in ohms

79
Q

Series

A

When components are connected with each other in a single line,ammeters are connected in series

80
Q

Transformer

A

A device that increases or reduces voltag provided in a circuit

81
Q

Voltage

A

A measure of the amount of energy provided to charges or used by them, measured in volts

82
Q

Voltmeter

A

An instrument that measures voltage

83
Q

VoLTE

A

The unit used to measure voltage, unit symbol is V

84
Q

Wet cell

A

S cell that uses liquid electrolyte

85
Q

Active wire

A

A wire that carries current to a component it, is coated in brown plastic

86
Q

Circuit breaker

A

A switch that turns off a circuit if too much current flows through

87
Q

Earth wire

A

A wire through which current only flows when there is a leak of current in an appliance, it is coated in yellow and green plastic

88
Q

Fuse

A

A wire of high resistance, it will melt if too muchcurrent flows in a circuit

89
Q

Neutral wire

A

A wire that carries current away from the component, it is coated in blue plastic

90
Q

Parallel circuit

A

A circuit that has a number of branches, each with its own component

91
Q

Safety switch

A

A device that turns all household circuits off if it detects a leak in current, it is also known as a residual current device (RCD)

92
Q

Series circuit

A

A circuit with all its components arranged in a line, forming a single loop

93
Q

Surge protector

A

A device that turns off power to appliances if it detects a massive and damaging increase in current

Science (6 decks)

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