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Physics - GCSE > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the nine types of energy?

A 
Gravitational Potential
Chemical
Sound
Elastic
Kinetic
Heat
Light
Electric
Nuclear
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2
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one type to another

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3
Q

What will all energy eventually be transferred to?

A

Hear energy

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4
Q

Where does all energy come from?

A

The sun

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5
Q

What do Sankey diagrams show?

A

All energy transfers taking place in a process {to scale

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6
Q

Where does the total of the input energy go on a Sankey diagram?

A

The line on the far left of the diagram, width of initial arrow

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7
Q

Where do useful energies go on Sankey diagrams?

A

Out to the right, continuing straight from the width of the initial arrow

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8
Q

Where does waste energy go in a Sankey diagram?

A

Down

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9
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Efficiency - useful energy out / useful energy in x 100%

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10
Q

How do you turn a fraction into a number then the number into a percentage?

A

Take the fraction and divide the top by bottom then times it by 100

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11
Q

When an energy is transferred through a wire, what always happens to some of the energy?

A

Some energy is always lost

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12
Q

When energy is lost through a wire, why is it lost and what is it lost as?

A

It is lost due to the current and material, it is lost as heat energy

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13
Q

What is current?

A

Current is the flow of electrons through a wire or component

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14
Q

What is resistance in electrons?

A

When electrons move through a wire and they collide with other atoms

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15
Q

What happens every time electrons collide?

A

Energy is transferee to the electrons as heat

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16
Q

What is voltage?

A

Voltage is energy per electron

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17
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Power = current x voltage

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18
Q

What must you do to raise current?

A

Lower voltage

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19
Q

What must you do to raise voltage?

A

Lower current

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20
Q

If you halve the voltage what must you do to the current?

A

Double the current

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21
Q

What do we use to convert between current and voltage?

A

A transformer

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22
Q

What does a step up transformer do?

A

It increases voltage and decreases current

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23
Q

What does a step down transformer do?

A

It decreases voltage and and increases current

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24
Q

What do transformers do in the national grid?

A

Stop the wires on pylons breaking

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25
Q

What are the three ways of heat transfer?

A

Infrared radiation
Convection
Conduction

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26
Q

What can infared radiation go through?

A

Everything

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27
Q

What can convection go through?

A

Liquids and gases

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28
Q

What can conduction go through?

A

Solids

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29
Q

What emits infared radiation?

A

Everything with a temperature above absolute zero

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30
Q

What is convection?

A

Convection is the transfer of hear through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion

31
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is the transfer of heat or electric current from one substance to another by direct contact

32
Q

What is infared radiation?

A

Infared radiation is energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of Ray’s or waved or particles

33
Q

What are three things we want heat transfer for?

A

Cooking
Heating
Sun warming the earth

34
Q

What are three things we do not want heat transfer for?

A

Heat loss form our homes
In cars
On machines

35
Q

Why is unwanted heat transfer bad?

A

Unwanted heat transfer is bad because it uses up more energy, it costs us money and it damages the world

36
Q

What are two methods to prevent heat loss?

A

Lubrication and thermal insulation

37
Q

How does thermal insulation prevent heat loss?

A

If you use a material with a low thermal conductivity {doesn’t transfer heat very well} ur will insulate hot locations, keeping them hot. This is used in buildings

38
Q

How does lubrication prevent heat loss?

A

Reduces frictions which not only reduces heat loss but also reduces wear and tear on moving parts. This is used for machines

39
Q

What three types of energy cannot be stored?

A

Sound energy cannot be stored, light energy cannot be stored, electrical energy cannot be stored.

40
Q

What six types of energy can be stored

A

Kinetic energy, heat energy, elastic potential energy. Nuclear energy, chemical energy and gravitational energy can be stored.

41
Q

What is the equation for working out gravitational potential energy?

A

Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength

42
Q

What unit is gravitational potential energy measured in?

A

Joules

43
Q

What unit is mass measured in?

A

Kg

44
Q

What unit is gravitational field strength measured in?

A

N/Kg

45
Q

What is gravitational field strengt also known as?

A

Acceleration

46
Q

What is gravitational field strength a measure of?

A

A measurement of how much a planets gravity pulls on an object

47
Q

What is the earths gravitational field strength?

A

10N/Kg

48
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

Thermal conductivity is the rare at which heat transfers through a specific material

49
Q

The higher the number of the thermal conductivity… {what does it mean?}

A

… the more heat lost

50
Q

What is rare of cooling?

A

How quickly heat is lost

51
Q

What did kinetic energy depend on/

A

Mass and velocity

52
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2

53
Q

What is the unit for velocity ^2

A

M/s

54
Q

What does gravitational potential rely on?

A

Gravity, mass and vertical height

55
Q

What does kinetic energy and gravitational potential have in common?

A

Mass

56
Q

Maximum GPE = ?

A

Maximum GPE = Maximum KE

57
Q

Maximum KE = ?

A

Maximum KE = Maximum GPE

58
Q

When is GPE at max and when is it at minimum?

A

At max at its highest point, at min at lowest point {ground

59
Q

When is KE at max and when is it at minimum?

A

At max at its lowest point {ground} at min at highest point

60
Q

How do you times by 100%?

A

Times by a hundred and add a % sign to the end

61
Q

What are the seven types of renewable energy?

A 
Solar
Wind
Wave
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Biomass
Tidal
62
Q

What are the four types of non renewable energy?

A

Oil
Coal
Gas
Nuclear

63
Q

What is non renewable energy?

A

A non renewable source of energy cannot be sustained and will run out

64
Q

What are the nine energy sources?

A 
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Fossil fuels
Wave
Solar
Wind
Biomass
Nuclear
Tidal
65
Q

What’s the mnemonic for remembering the 9 energy sources?

A 
Hermoine
Gets
Food
When
She
Wants
But
Not
Today
66
Q

What are the two methods of turning a turbine?

A

Heat and direct

67
Q

What are the three steps in the heat method of turning a turbine?

A

1) Heat is generated
2) Heat turns water to steam
3) Steam turns a turbine

68
Q

What happens in the direct method of turning a turbine?

A

The source (water or wind) directly pushes the turbine

69
Q

What does solar power do instead of moving a turbine to produce electricity?

A

The sunlight makes electrons move

70
Q

Which four energy sources use the direct method of producing energy?

A

Tidal
Hydroelectric
Wave
Wind

71
Q

Which four energy sources use the heat method of producing energy?

A

Fossil fuels
Nuclear
Geothermal
Biomass

72
Q

What are three advantages of renewable energy?

A

Won’t run out
No greenhouse gases produced
Free fuel
Cheap to run

73
Q

What are three disadvantages of renewable energy?

A

Infrastructure is expensive
Generally unreliable
Can damage the environment
Don’t release as much energy as fossil fuels

74
Q

When an item is descending, what happens to the gravitational potential energy?

A

Gravitational potential energy will be lost

Physics - GCSE (6 decks)

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