Energy Flashcards
Energy
Energy is required during
• Capacity to do work
- Cellular metabolism, muscle
- Contractions (muscle), nutrient absorption,
metabolism, catabolism
• Egg, meat, feather, or sport production
Energy
carbs and fats is where energy comes from in feedstuffs
- Property of energy-yielding nutrients: carbohydrates and fats
- Bioenergetics– Involves the release, storage, and use ofenergy in biological systems
- 70-80% of dry matter consumed is used for energy production (why poultry diet is 70% corn=energy)
Thermodynamics first Law
Amylose-Amylopectin-Amylase( breakdown glucose to CO2 and H2O
• Energy cannot be created nor
destroyed but it changes form.
• Glucose → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Thermodynamics 2nd Law
entopy
Energy status of the universe is moving from
an organized one to a more disorganized
one; one in which molecules are highly
random and of a lower energy level, thus,
more stable.
Endergonic Reaction
Know that endergonic reaction is protein synthesis and requires ATP
- Chemical reaction that consumes energy
- For example, protein synthesis requires energy.
Exergonic reaction
i.e Ice forming
Chemical reaction that proceeds with the release of free energy.
Energy
want ATP/NAD
CO2 + H2O + ATP
CarbohydrateFatProtein
ATP + CO2 + H2O
Energy Partitioning
- Gross Energy (GE)
- Fecal Energy (FE)
- Digestible Energy (DE)
- Gaseous Products of Digestion
(GPD)
- Urinary Energy (UE)
- Metabolizable Energy (ME)
- Heat Increment (HI)
- Net Energy (NE)
Energy Partitioning
Gross Energy (GE)
- Total energy of a feedstuff
- Determined in bomb calorimeter
- No meaningful value
- Only a starting point
Energy Partitioning
Fecal Energy (FE)
- Total energy of excreta
- Undigested materials
- Endogenous products (enzymes, epithelial cells, bial)
- Determined in bomb calorimeter
Energy partitioning
DE=gross-fecal
Digestible Energy (DE)
DE = GE - FE
Energy Partitioning
poultry does not really measure, more of impact with cattle
Gaseous Products of Digestion (GPD)
- Gases which escape during digestion
- Methane, H, CO2, H2S, acetone, ethane
- Difficult and expensive
- Requires metabolic chamber
Energy partitioning
swine, poultry can not seperate
Urinary Energy (UE)
- Products of metabolism
- Excreted via the urine
- Total energy of urinary excretion
- Determined in bomb calorimeter
Energy partitioning
Metabolizable Energy (ME)
ME = GE - FE - UE – GPD
ME = DE - UE -GPD
Energy partitioning
give off heat during metabolism
Heat Increment (HI)
• Consists of
– Heat of fermentation
– Heat of nutrient metabolism
- Typically wasted
- Difficult and expensive
- Requires metabolic chamber
