Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the ability to do work or cause change

Energy exists in various forms and can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed (Law of Conservation of Energy)

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2
Q

Define kinetic energy.

A

Energy of a moving object

Example: A moving car, flowing water, wind.

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3
Q

Define potential energy.

A

Stored energy due to an object’s position or shape

Example: Water behind a dam, a stretched rubber band.

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4
Q

Define thermal energy.

A

Energy related to the temperature of an object; the kinetic energy of particles

Example: Heat from a stove, the Sun.

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5
Q

Define chemical energy.

A

Stored energy in chemical bonds

Example: Energy in food, batteries, or fuels.

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6
Q

Define electrical energy.

A

Energy from moving electric charges

Example: Power from a generator, lightning.

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7
Q

Define light (radiant) energy.

A

Energy carried by electromagnetic waves

Example: Sunlight, light bulbs.

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8
Q

Define sound energy.

A

Energy from vibrating particles creating sound waves

Example: Music, speaking.

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9
Q

Define nuclear energy.

A

Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Example: Energy from nuclear power plants, the Sun (fusion).

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10
Q

What are common energy conversions?

A
  1. Electrical → Light + Heat
  2. Chemical → Kinetic + Heat
  3. Gravitational Potential → Kinetic
  4. Light → Chemical
  5. Kinetic → Electrical
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11
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes forms

Example: In a pendulum, potential energy at the highest point converts into kinetic energy as it swings downward.

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12
Q

What happens at the top of a pendulum swing?

A

Maximum Potential Energy, Zero Kinetic Energy

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13
Q

What happens at the middle of a pendulum swing?

A

Maximum Kinetic Energy, Zero Potential Energy

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Electrical energy → _______ energy (to heat water).

A

Thermal

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Chemical energy (from food) → _______ energy (pedaling) → Heat (body warms up).

A

Kinetic

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Kinetic energy → _______ energy (friction between brakes and wheels).