Energy Flashcards
Conservation
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only the type is changed
If you input 100J, you must output 100J total energy
Energy loss
When energy doesn’t change the way it is intended, such as electrical energy turning into heat energy in a lamp
Gravitational potential energy
The energy gained as an object is lifted above the surface
When work is done to lit an object, the energy is transformed into Ep
Kinetic energy
The energy an ibject gains when it moves in relation to mass and velocity
Specific heat capacity
The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a substance by 1 degree celsius
The higher the specific heat capacity of an object…
The higher the amount of energy needed to heat it up
Heat
A type of energy. Heat energy is a type of kinetic energy tht increaea as the kinetic energy of the particles increases
Temperature
A measure of the amount of heat energy a substance has
As heat increases…
temperature increases
Latent heat
Specific latent heat is the energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without temperature change
When a substance is changing state…
The temperature doesn’t change
When a solid melts…
More energy is needed to free the molecules into a liquid state
When a liquid solidifies…
heat energy is released as it turns into a solid
Solid to liquid
Melting
Liquid to solid
Solidifying
Liquid to gas
vaporising
Gas to liquid
Condensing
Pressure
When an object exterts its force on another object
The force is spread across the whole surface area of contact
Kinetic theory
The study of gases by treating them as particles free to move in any direction
These particles are in a container
Convert from kelvin to celsius
K - 273
Convert from celsius to kelvin
C + 273
A difference of 1K…
…is the same as the difference of 1 degree celsius
Boyles law
Pressure and volume
When the size of a container decreases, the amount of times each particle hits the container walls increases
So as volume decreases, pressure increases
Charles’ law
Volume and temperature
When heated, the particles in a container become faster (gain energy) so they hit the container walls faster, harder, and more frequently (which makes the size of the container increase)
So as temperature increases, volume increases
