Energy Flashcards
What 7 things must a living organism have?
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
What is a catabolic reaction?
Breakdown of molecules
What is an anabolic reaction?
Build up of polymers
What is the conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What is the equation for respiration?
Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water
Name 2 properties of respiration
Heterotrophic
Exothermic
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Water + oxygen > glucose + carbon dioxide
Name some properties of photosynthesis
Autotrophic
Endothermic
What does autotrophic mean?
Makes own food
What does heterotrophic mean?
Energy made by eating other organisms
Is photosynthesis endo or exothermic?
Endothermic
How does ATP work in plants?
Photosynthesis turns lights energy into ATP to create glucose
How does ATP work in animals?
Respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP to be usedbin metabolic reactions
What are excited electrons?
Electrons woth a higher energy level
How do excited electrons work in plants?
Whem chlorophyll absorb light energy
How do excited electrons work in animals?
Help break down glucose
Where do excited electrons move to?
Electron transport chain
What are electron transport chains?
Membrane carriers
How is a high proton concentration balanced?
Reaction of ADP and Pi to form ATP with the help of the enzyme ATP synthase allowing protons to live down the channel proteins
Outline the features of thylakoids
Flattened sacs of membranes stacked to make grana connected by membrane channels called lamellae
What is stroma?
Fluid found in chloroplasts
What are the 5 photosynthetic pigments?
Chlorophyll
Xanthopyll
Carotene
Anthocyanin
Tannis
What is the primary pigment and what wavelengths does it absorb and reflects?
Chlorophyll A
Absorbs blue and reflects green
Where does photosynthesis actually occur?
Reaction centre
Define a photosystem
Energy is transferred to the reaction centre
What is the equation for Rf value?
Distance travelled by component ÷ distance travelled by solvent
What are the differences between photosystem 1 and 2?
1 absorbs light at 700nm
2 absorbs light at 680nm and has enzymes which break down water
What happens during the light dependant stage of photosynthesis?
Sunlight forms ATP and hydrogen from water break down enzyme NaDP
What happens during the light independent stage of photosynthesis?
Hydrogen and CO2 build organix molecules and ATP is used as energy
How many times does the Calvin cycle need to occur to make 1 molecule of glucose?
6
What is cyclic phosphorylation?
Phosphate group added using light
Outline the Calvin cycle
CO2, RUBP, RUBisCO enzyme forms an unstable intermediate.
This forms GP which reacts with ATP and reduced NADP to form TP.
TP then creates glucose, amino acids, lipids
Name 3 factors effecting photosynthesis
Light intensity
Temperature
Concentration of CO2
How do limiting factors impact the Calvin cycle?
GP can’t be produced so amounts of TP fall and RUBP can’t be regenerated
