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whole physics spec > energy > Flashcards

energy Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

what is internal energy

A

the sum (total) of the kinetic energy and potential energy stored in the object’s particles.

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2
Q

what is temperature

A

a measure of the energy in the kinetic stores of its particles.

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3
Q

what happens if you increase the bodies temp

A

increases the energy in the kinetic stores of the body’s particles, which means that the energy in the body’s internal store also increases.

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4
Q

unit of mass

A

kilograms

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5
Q

unit of velocity

A

meters per second

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6
Q

unit of energy

A

joules

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7
Q

unit of spring constant

A

Newtons per meter

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8
Q

unit of extension

A

meters

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9
Q

what are the 4 energy transfers

A

electrical
mechanical
wave
heating

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10
Q

what is the work done by a force

A

energy transferred to the object

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11
Q

in what ways is more work done

A

push with the same force for a longer distance.
push with a larger force for the same distance.

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12
Q

units of work done

A

joules

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13
Q

units of force

A

newtons

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14
Q

units of distance

A

meters

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15
Q

what is electrical work

A

work done when a current flows

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16
Q

WEQ = electrical work

A

energy = potential difference x current x time

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17
Q

unit of time

A

seconds

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18
Q

what is power

A

the rate of energy transfer

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19
Q

unit of power

A

watt

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20
Q

what is wasted energy

A

transferred into unwanted stores of energy

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21
Q

what does wasted energy do

A

dissipates

22
Q

what are examples of wasted energy

A

heat and sound

23
Q

what can efficiency never be

A

more than 100

24
Q

how to reduce unwanted energy transfer in walls

A

Having thicker walls.
Having walls made from a material with a lower thermal conductivity.

25
Q

uses of insulation

A

Fit loft insulation (the roof).
Use double glazing (windows).
Use cavity wall insulation (walls).
Fit carpets (floors).

26
Q

main ways to reduce energy transfer

A

insulation and lubrication

27
Q

why does lubrication reduce energy transfer

A

reduces friction

28
Q

what is power

A

energy transferred per second

29
Q

the higher the thermal conductivity

A

the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material

30
Q

how does the mass affect the GPE

A

increasing the mass increases the GPE

31
Q

what is an energy resource

A

used to generate electricity and other useful forms of energy

32
Q

steps to generate and transfer electricity

A

an energy resource is used to rotate a turbine.
The rotating turbine rotates a coil of wire in a magnetic field
this creates an electric current

33
Q

advantages of fossil fuels

A

reliable

34
Q

disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

Not renewable.
Inefficient.
Contributes to global warming

35
Q

advantages of geothermal

A

Renewable.
Reliable.
Does not produce greenhouse gases.

36
Q

disadvantages of geothermal

A

only used where there is volcanic activity
can lead to ground instability

37
Q

advantages of wind power

A

renewable energy.
don’t take up much land space.
Relatively low cost.

38
Q

disadvantages of wind power

A

Unreliable
ugly or an eyesore.
cause noise pollution.

39
Q

advantages of hydroelectric power

A

Renewable.
More reliable than wind and solar.
Capable of producing lots of energy.

40
Q

disadvantages of hydroelectric power

A

change paths of rivers
harm local wildlife

41
Q

advantages of tidal power

A

Renewable source of energy.
Does not produce greenhouse gases.
Tides are a predictable phenomenon.

42
Q

disadvantages of tidal power

A

damage fragile ecosystems
isnt continuous

43
Q

advantages of nuclear energy

A

No greenhouse gas emission
Reliable, on-demand electricity.

44
Q

disadvantages of nuclear energy

A

radioactive and needs to be disposed of property

45
Q

advantages of solar energy

A

Renewable.
Produces no greenhouse gases.
Produces no noise pollution

46
Q

disadvantages of solar energy

A

unreliable
High cost of installation.
not very efficient at converting sunlight into energy.

47
Q

what are two main resources of energy

A

transport
heat

48
Q

why has electricity use been decreasing in the UK

A

appliances are becoming more efficient
more concerned

49
Q

why has the way we use energy resources changed overtime

A

environmental concerns
changing costs
tech advances

50
Q

what are changes to make things more renewable

A

government policy
vehicles
power plants

51
Q

what factors limit the use of renewable energy

A

reliability
cost
charity

whole physics spec (5 decks)

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