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whole physics spec > electricity > Flashcards

electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is electrical current

A

the flow of electrons

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2
Q

units of current

A

amp

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3
Q

what is an insulator

A

a material that doesn’t allow electric currents

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4
Q

what is a conductor

A

a material that allows electric currents to pass through it

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5
Q

why can conductors conduct electricity

A

it has electrons that are free to move

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6
Q

what is potential difference

A

the difference of electrical potential between two points

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7
Q

unit of pot diff

A

volts

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8
Q

where do you put an ammeter

A

connected in series

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9
Q

where do you put a voltmeter

A

connected in paralell

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10
Q

what is resistance

A

a measure of how difficult it is for current to flow through a component.

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11
Q

how can the size of the current be affected

A

resistance
potential diff

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12
Q

unit of resistance

A

ohms

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13
Q

how can resistance be affected

A

length of wire

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14
Q

what is the relationship between current and voltage in a resistor

A

directly proportional

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15
Q

What effect will increasing the current through a filament bulb have on the graph

A

it will curve because the temp and resistance are rising

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16
Q

what is a diode

A

a component that only allows current to flow through it in one direction.

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17
Q

what is a rectifier

A

a component that turns an alternating current into a direct current

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18
Q

what is a thermistor

A

a component where resistance changes with its temperature.

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19
Q

what is an ldr

A

resistance changes with light intensity.

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20
Q

what happens when you increase the temp in a thermistor

A

resistance decreases

21
Q

what happens when you increase the light intensity

A

resistance decreases

22
Q

what is ohms law

A

The current through an ohmic conductor (at a constant temperature) is directly proportional to the potential difference across the resistor.

23
Q

in an ohmic conductor the resistance

A

remains constant

24
Q

current between components in series are

A

the same

25
Q

resistance between components in series are

A

added up

26
Q

how to find the total potential diff in series

A

add up the individual voltages of the cells

27
Q

How are the voltages across components related to the battery voltage?

A

they sum together to give the battery voltage

28
Q

how is current displayed in a parallel circuit

A

split between the branches

29
Q

resistance in a parallel circuit is

A

The combined resistance of two resistors in parallel is less than the resistance of either of the two resistors by themselves.

30
Q

how to work out the reciprocal of the total resistance

A

the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances

31
Q

how is voltage shown in a series circuit

A

the same

32
Q

what is mains electricity

A

50hz and 230v

33
Q

what is the brown wire

A

live wire

34
Q

what is the live wire

A

provides a current

35
Q

what is the blue wire

A

neutral wire

36
Q

what does the neutral wire do

A

completes the circuit

37
Q

what is the yellow and green

A

earth wire

38
Q

what is the earth wire

A

stops the appliance becoming live and has 0V

39
Q

what is the national grid

A

the network of cables and transformers that connect power stations with houses and shops in the United Kingdom

40
Q

what are step up transformers

A

increase the potential difference to 400,000 Volts.

41
Q

why are step up transformers used

A

this reduces the current and how much heat is lost
increases efficiency

42
Q

what are step down transformers

A

gets the electricity down to a safer voltage

43
Q

what is a fuse

A

when the current gets too high the fuse melts and breaks the circuit

44
Q

what happens when a case becomes live

A

it needs earthing

45
Q

what can a charged rod do

A

attract a gentle stream of watere

46
Q

what is static electricity

A

electrons transfer from one object to another

47
Q

what does a charge object create

A

an electric field

48
Q

what way do the electric field lines do on a positive

A

away

49
Q

what ways effect the electric field

A

closer the object is to a charged object
higher the charge of the object

whole physics spec (5 decks)

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