Energy

Question 1

Stored energy

Answer 1

Potential energy

Question 2

Energy of motion

Answer 2

Kinetic energy

Question 3

The flow begins with

Answer 3

Production of high-energy, reduced compounds by photosynthesis

Question 4

How organisms can be divided depending on their source of energy

Answer 4

Phototrophs and chemotrophs

Question 5

How phototrophs get energy

Answer 5

Transform sunlight energy into chemical

Question 6

Photoautotrophs

Answer 6

solar energy to produce all the carbon compounds they need from CO2 (photosynthesis)
- include plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria

Question 7

Photoheterotrophs

Answer 7

Rely on intake of organic molecules as a source of carbon
Purple nonsulfur bacteria

Question 8

How chemotrophs get energy?

Answer 8

By oxidizing chemical bonds in molecules

Question 9

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 9

Energy: oxidize inorganic compounds (H2S, H2) or inorganic ions
Carbon source: CO2
Extremophiles, archae

Question 10

Chemoheterotrophs

Answer 10

Energy and carbon use: ingest and use chemical compounds (carbohydrates, fats, proteins)
All animals, Protozoa, fungi, many bacteria

Question 11

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Answer 11

Glucose oxidation

Question 12

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + energy

Answer 12

Methane oxidation

Question 13

Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide reduction

Question 14

Three constant variables in biol reactions

Answer 14

Same temperature, pressure, volume

Question 15

1st law thermodynamics

Answer 15

Energy cannot be created or destroyed (changes form)

Question 16

What is the enthalpy H?

Answer 16

Measure of total energy of a thermodynamic system

Question 17

Positive change in H

Answer 17

Heat absorbing endothermic reactions

Question 18

Negative change in enthalpy H?

Answer 18

Heat-releasing exothermic reactions

Question 19

The second law of thermodynamics

Answer 19

The total entropy of a system plus of its surroundings always increases

Question 20

entropy

Answer 20

measure of the disorder or randomness of a system
e.g. when ice melts

Question 21

free energy (G)

Answer 21

measure of spontaneity for a system

Question 22

change in free energy<0

Answer 22

reaction will proceed as written - exergonic

Question 23

change in free energy>0

Answer 23

reaction will proceed in reverse - endergonic

Question 24

Where the energy is stored in ATP?

Answer 24

in the bonds between phosphate groups

Question 25

4 essential needs of the cell

Answer 25

molecular building blocks for biosynthesis
chemical catalysts called enzymes
information to guide all its activities
energy to drive the various reactions and processes