Energetics of activity Flashcards
1
Q
Ways to measure Aerobic Activity
A
- Measure using energy budget
– Categorize all of an animal’s activities
– Characterize the cost of all individual activities
– Observe the animal and calculate the energy budget
– Problems with measurement? - Measure with doublely labeled water
– Isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water- H 218 O lost through water and respiration
- D 2 O )
– Determine the loss of water and CO2 - Calculate CO2 production over time
– Animal can move about freely
- Measure by recording oxygen consumption
– Running on treadmill
– Radiotelemetry
2
Q
Birds use what type of metabolism
A
aerobic metabolism
3
Q
Define Cost of Transport
A
- Energy cost per unit of distance at a particular
speed - How does energy cost change with different
types of locomotion?
– Swimming
– Flying
– Walking
4
Q
Cost of transport
A
- Energy cost per unit distance at a particular
speed
Energy/time = energy/distance
Distance/time
– What is the cost of transport for a bird? - Metabolic rate = 8 kJ/hr
- Speed = 32 km/hr 8 kJ/hr
32 km/hr = 0.25 kJ/km
5
Q
Most efficient way of transport
A
swimming, due to water supporting weight
6
Q
variables that influence the cost of transportation
A
speed, size, and shape
7
Q
smaller organisms
A
have a higher cost of transport
8
Q
Cost of drag
A
tagged dolphins swim 11% slower than untagged dolphins
9
Q
why is pronghorn so different from other mammals?
A
use a lot of oxygen, they have better oxygen intake, big lungs, pump blood efficiently, increased mitochondria=volume of oxygen increase.
10
Q
Influences on maximum oxygen consumption
A
- Circulatory system
- Symmorphosis = same + development
– All organ systems with common functions
develop approximately the same limits
– Multiple organs reach max oxygen
consumption simultaneously - Type of Activity
– Aerobic scope/aerobic expansibility
