Endotracheal intubation

Question 1

Intubation indication

Answer 1

Any situation that requires definitive control of the airway
for general anesthesia
for critically ill patients with multi system disease or injury
for emergency including cardiac and respiratory arrest, failure to protect the airway from aspiration, inadequate oxygenation or ventilation, and existing or anticipated airway obstruction

Question 2

intubation contraindications

Answer 2

patients with partial transection of the trachea

Question 3

Unstable cervical spine injury is not a contraindication but

Answer 3

strict, in-line stabilization of the cervical spine must be maintained during intubation

Question 4

intubation equipment needed

Answer 4

gloves, protective face shield, a working suction system, a bag-valve mask attached to an oxygen source, an ETT with stylet, a 10-ml syringe, an ET tube holder, an end-tidal carbon dioxide detector, a stethoscope and laryngoscopes

Question 5

ways to predict difficulty in intubation

Answer 5

if the patient has a history of difficult intubation, limited neck mobility, a small mandible, pharyngeal structures that are poorly visible through the open mouth with tongue extruded, a limited ability to open his or her mouth

Question 6

confirmation of intubation

Answer 6

tube should like 3-7 cm above the carina on chest X-ray
a general rule is to align the 22cm marking on the tube with the front teeth of an average adult
use the ETCO2 detector to the end of the tube and bag for a few breaths
auscultate over the stomach and both lungs

Question 7

intubation complications

Answer 7

unrecognized esophageal intubation
vomiting and aspiration of gastric contents
bradycardia, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, apnea
trauma to teeth, lips and vocal cords
exacerbation of cervical spine injuries

Question 8

Indications for Cricothyroideotomy

Answer 8

Partial transection of the trachea

Question 9

Blades for intubation

Answer 9

Macintosh-curved

Miller- Straight

Question 10

Sellick maneuver for intubation?

Answer 10

An assistant applies firm pressure to the cricoid cartilage.

Question 11

ETT should be approximately at how man cm at the teeth?

Answer 11

22cm