Endosymbiosis

Question 1

Structural points of mitochondria

Answer 1

2 membranes enclosing - phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Smooth outer membrane with cristae.
2 internal compartments - intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix.
Carriers; enzymes and ribosomal DNA and ribosomes.

Question 2

Facts about chloroplast

Answer 2

Is a plasmid for chlorophyll.
Found in leaves and green organs.
Transducing organelle.

Question 3

Structural features of a chloroplast that optimise light harvesting

Answer 3

Ribosomes.
Circular DNA.
Intermembrane space.
Thylakoids and granum - to absorb light, sight of electron transport and ATP production 
Stroma.

Question 4

Why, concerning wavelengths, is chlorophyll green.

Answer 4

It only absorbs red and blue, so reflects green.

Question 5

The role of peroxisomes and how they perform this role

Answer 5

To detoxify alcohol and hydrogen peroxide from the body and break down fatty acids.
Remove hydrogen substrates and transfer them to oxygen = hydrogen peroxide.
Converts hydrogen peroxide to water.

Question 6

What is the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 6

Eukaryotes are hypothesised to have benefitted from engulfing different prokaryotes

Question 7

What prokaryotes are believed to have been engulfed to create mitochondria and chloroplast

Answer 7

Mitochondria: oxygen using nonphotosynthetic prokaryote.
Chloroplast: oxygen using photosynthetic prokaryote.

Question 8

What evidence do peroxisomes provide for the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 8

Peroxisomes grow large by incorporating proteins into cytosol and ER.
They increase in number by splitting when they reach a certain size.

Question 9

Evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 9

Different DNA to host cell - resembles prokaryotic DNA.
Membrane composition is similar to prokaryotes.
Presence of double membrane.
Contains ribosomes so same method of protein synthesis.