Endomembrane System Flashcards
Function of the smooth ER
To produce lipids eg oils, steroids, phospholipids
Examples of cells which utilise a smooth ER
Reproductive cells - produce steroid hormones like oestrogen
Liver cells - detoxify drugs, make them soluble
Functions of the Golgi apparatus
Modifies products of the ER
Manufactures certain macromolecules (eg pectin)
Sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles
Molecular identification tags
Where are products of the ER modified
In the Golgi apparatus
From the cis face to the trans face
Function of lysosomal enzymes
Hydrolyse proteins, fats, polysaccharides and nucleic acids
Function of lysosomes
Engulf potentially harmful bacteria or viruses
Take in food for the cell to utilise
Recycle old worn out organelles
Function of peroxisomes
Remove H atoms to form H2O2
Break down fatty acids for cellular respiration
Detoxify poison
H2O2 is toxic, how do peroxisomes combat this
They contain an enzyme that converts H2O2 to water
Main ions stored in a plants cell sap
K+ and Cl-
Function of vacuole in plants
Contain water
Structural support
Pushes chloroplast closer to light
Function of vacuole in animals
Important in phagocytosis
Pump water out of cells (contractile vacuole)
Key key key difference between cytosol and cytoplasm
Cytosol - fluid without any organelles
Cytoplasm - jelly-like substance with organelles
List the components of the endomembrane system
Nuclear envelope Smooth ER Rough ER Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vesicles Plasma membrane
Advantage to a cell of compartmentation
To provide local environments that facilitate specific metabolic functions so that many different processes can continue in the cell at the same time.
Reduces the volume thereby increases concentration
