endometrial cancer Flashcards
1
Q
what types of cancer are most endometrial cancers?
A
adenocarcinoma
2
Q
what are risk factors for endometrial cancer?
A
- obesity
- diabetes
- increased age
- oestrogen only HRT
- no pregnancies
- PCOS- due to unopposed oestrogen
- tamoxifen- has an anti oestrogen affect on the breast but the opposite on the uterus
3
Q
how will endometrial cancer present?
A
- post menopausal bleeding
- post coital bleeding
- Intermenstrual bleeding
- abnormal discharge
- haematuria
- anaemia
- increased platelets
4
Q
what is endometrial hyperplasia and how can it be treated?
A
- can be precancerous
- <5% go on to become cancer
- treated with IUS or levonorgestrel
5
Q
what investigations need to be done for suspected endometrial cancer?
A
- transvaginal ultrasound
- pippelle biopsy
- hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy
6
Q
which type of ovarian tumour can cause endometrial hyperplasia?
A
ghranulosa theca- because it secretes oestrogen
7
Q
what are the stages of endometrial cancer?
A
- confined to uterus
- invades cervix
- invades ovaries, Fallopian tubes, vagina or lymph nodes
- invades bladder, bowel and beyond the uterus
8
Q
what is the treatment of stage 1 and stage 2 endometrial cancer?
A
- total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral saplingopherectomy
9
Q
what is the treatment for stage 2-4 endometrial cancer?
A
- hysterectomy
- radiotherapy and chemotherapy
- progesterone slows down the progression of growth
