cerebral palsy Flashcards
what are antenatal causes of cerebral palsy?
Maternal infections
Trauma during pregnancy
what are perinatal causes of cerebral palsy?
Birth asphyxia
Pre-term birth
what are postnatal causes of cerebral palsy?
Meningitis
Severe neonatal jaundice
Head injury
what are the 4 types of cerebral palsy?
mixed
ataxic- uncoordinated movements
dyskinetic- acathoid movements- hyper and hypotonic
spastic- hypertonic
what are the spastic patterns?
Monoplegia: one limb affected
Hemiplegia: one side of the body affected
Diplegia: four limbs are affects, but mostly the legs
Quadriplegia: four limbs are affected more severely, often with seizures, speech
disturbance and other impairments
how can cerebral palsy present?
Failure to meet milestones
Increased or decreased tone, generally or in specific limbs
Hand preference below 18 months is a key sign to remember for exams
Problems with coordination, speech or walking
Feeding or swallowing problems
Learning difficulties
what are complications associated with cerebral palsy?
Learning disability Epilepsy Kyphoscoliosis Muscle contractures Hearing and visual impairment Gastro-oesophageal reflux
how can paediatricians optimise care of cerebral palsy?
Muscle relaxants (e.g. baclofen) for muscle spasticity and contractures
Anti-epileptic drugs for seizures
Glycopyrronium bromide for excessive drooling
which members of the MDRT are involved in the care of cerebral palsy?
- physiotherapist
- occupational therapist- help them perform tasks by themselves
- speech and language therapy
- dieticicans- making sure they meet nutritional needs- may need PEG or NG tube
orthopaedic surgeons- to release contractors
which part of the brain is affected in spastic cerebral palsy?
upper motor neurons
which part of the brain is affected in dyskinetic cerebral palsy?
basal ganglia
which part of the brain is affected in ataxic cerebral palsy?
cerebellum
