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Bio 2300 > Endomembrane System > Flashcards

Endomembrane System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Rough ER Jobs

A

1- adding carbs to glycoprotein
2- folding of polypeptides
3- fixing misfolded proteins
4- assembly of multimeric proteins

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2
Q

Smooth ER Jobs

A

1- drug detoxification
2- carb metabolism
3- calcium storage
4- steroid biosynthesis

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3
Q

Hydroxylation

A

NADPH dependent process of adding OH groups to drugs to make them easier to excrete

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4
Q

cytochrome p-450

A

protien catalyst of hydroxylation

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5
Q

glucose-6-phosphatase

A

converts glucose-6-phosphate to free glucose in carb metabolism

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6
Q

HMG-CoA reductase

A

commited step in cholesterol biosynthesis

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7
Q

flippases

A

transfer phospholipids from the cytoplasm to the ER lumen

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8
Q

phospholipid exchange (transfer) proteins

A

move phospholipids to designated organelles (mitochondria, chloroplast, or peroxisomes)

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9
Q

Golgi Role

A

further processing, sorting, and packaging of membrane lipids

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10
Q

N-glycosylation/O-glycosylation

A

Addition of side chains to the N of asparagine or OH of serine, threonine, or tyrosine to create a glycoprotein

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11
Q

Core oligosaccharide

A

2x N-acetylglucosamine, 9x mannose, 3x glucose. Beginning side chain of all glycoproteins until trimmed and modified in the ER lumen

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12
Q

cotranslational glycosylation

A

addition of oligosaccharide as the polypeptide is being formed

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13
Q

calnexin/calreticulin/ERp57/UGGT

A

form a protein complex to promote proper folding and disulfide bond formation of glycoproteins

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14
Q

terminal glycosylation

A

further processing of glycoproteins withing the golgi, involving removal and addition of units to the core oligosaccharide

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15
Q

protein tag

A

targets the protein to a transport vesicle that will take it to the right location

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16
Q

posttranslational import

A

uptake of completed polypeptides with targeting signals into their designated organelle (after translation in cytoplasm)

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17
Q

cotranslational import

A

polypeptide is brought into the ER as synthesis occurs (stays in endomembrane system)

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18
Q

signal hypothesis

A

polypeptides destined for ER have an ER signal sequence that direct the mRNA to the RER

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19
Q

preprotein

A

protein containing an ER signal sequence

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20
Q

SRP (signal recognition particle)

A

mediates the contact of the ribosome to the ER

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21
Q

translocon

A

structure of ER membrane responsible for translocation of polypeptides across the ER membrane

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22
Q

retention tag

A

protien tag that keeps them in the ER

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23
Q

retrieval tag

A

tag on proteins that return from the golgi to the ER

24
Q

mannose-6-phosphate

A

tag that sends lysosomal proteins to lysosomes

25
Q

Hsp70

A

chaperone that keeps the protein unfolded during posttranslational import

26
Q

sec62/63/7172 and Sec6

A

protein complex that targets cytosolic proteins for translocation

27
Q

BiP + ATP hydrolysis

A

pulls polypeptide into ER lumen

28
Q

constitutive secretion

A

vesicles move directly to cell membrane and fuse with plasma membrane

29
Q

regulated secretion

A

vesicles accumulate in the cell and fuse with membrane ONLY in response to specific signals

30
Q

polarized secretion

A

exocytosis limited to specific surface of the cell

31
Q

Clathrin depended endocytosis

A

ligands bind to receptors on the membrane surface to internalize macromolecules

32
Q

fluid-phase endocytosis

A

pinocytosis for nonspecific internalization of extracellular fluid

33
Q

coated vesicles

A

vesicles in protien/lipid transport covered in layers of protein (clathrin/COPI/COPII)

34
Q

caveolin/clathrin/COPI/COPII

A

proteins associated with coating vesicles for transport

35
Q

Clathrin/adaptor protien(AP)/dynamin

A

coats involved in clathrin-coated vesicles

36
Q

triskelion

A

3-legged structure of clathrin proteins

37
Q

AP complexes

A

sites of regulation of clathrin assembly/disassembly (ATP/GTP dependent)

38
Q

dynamin

A

required for constricting and closing clathrin vesicles

39
Q

COPI/COPII

A

involved in retrograde transport from golgi to ER and between golgi cisternae

40
Q

SNARE/SNAP protein

A

Involved in proper sorting and targeting of vesicles. Allow recognition between vesicles and targets

41
Q

v-SNARE

A

SNARE proteins found in vesicles

42
Q

t-SNARE

A

SNARE proteins found on target membranes

43
Q

acid hydrolases

A

Enzymes found in lysosomes. Activation is the last step in lysosomal development from endosome –> lysosome

44
Q

Heterophagic lysosome

A

contain substances that originated outside the cell

45
Q

autophagic lysosome

A

contain materials originating inside the cell

46
Q

residual body

A

lysosomes once digestion ceases

47
Q

autophagy

A

method of breaking down cellular structures that are damaged or unneeded

48
Q

macrophagy

A

form of autophagy where an organelle is wrapped in a double membrane from the ER forming an autophagosome

49
Q

microphagy

A

form of autophagy in which a small vacuole is surrounded by a single membrae bilayer

50
Q

glycogeneosis/hurler/tay-sachs

A

lysosomal storage diseases leading to the accumulation of substances that cannot be broken down

51
Q

plant vacuole

A

Act as lysosomes as well as maintaining turgor pressure, regulating pH, and storage

52
Q

peroxisome

A

Vesicle stemming from the ER that contains catalase and cyrtalline.
1- Peroxide metabolism
2- Detoxification
3- Fatty acid oxidation
4- Metabolize N-containing compounds
5- Catabolism of unusual substances

53
Q

plant peroxisomes

A

associated with aspects of cell energy metabolism and in close contact with mitochondria and chloroplasts

54
Q

glycoxysomes

A

specialized plant peroxisome in seedlings

55
Q

peroxins

A

proteins required for the process of increasing number of peroxisomes in a cell

Bio 2300 (4 decks)

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