Endodontics of the traumatised immature incisor

Question 1

Immature permanent incisor

Answer 1

One where the apex can be considered to be open

Question 2

Challenges of non-vital immature tooth

Answer 2

Compromised C:R ratio
thin root dentine walls
lack of dentinal stops against which root canal materials can be condensed

Question 3

Apexification

Answer 3

rct of these requires a root end closure technique to form a barrier at apex to enable a root filling to be condensed without going through the apex (CaOH) therapy to induce barrier
different to apexogenesis (where the aim is to maintain vitality and allow continued root growth

Question 4

Disadvantages of apexification

Answer 4

Multiple visits
lengthy treatment
difficult technique
position and quality of barrier unpredictable
discolouration
brittleness (risk of cervical fracture)
expensive

Question 5

RET

Answer 5

Regenerative endodontic technique
harness potential of stem cells at apical papilla
repopulation of root canal space by stem cells from apical papilla
cells similar to dental pulp progenitor cells
canals repopulated with vital tissue
produces further hard tissue of root