Dental trauma, classification and types

Question 1

Incidence and predisposing factors for dental trauma

Answer 1

31-40% of 5 yr boys
16-30% of 5yr girls
12-33% of 12yr boys
4-19% of 12yr girls

Question 2

Predisposing factors dental trauma

Answer 2

2M:1F
Inc overjet
Lip incompetence
Age

Question 3

Incidence of tooth fractures

Answer 3

Enamel 31%
Dentine 45%
Pulp 5%
Root 0.5%

Question 4

Incidence of displacement injuries

Answer 4

Concussed/displaced <10%
Avulsion 0.5%

Question 5

Classifications of trauma

Answer 5

Ellis
WHO

Question 6

Ellis classification

Answer 6

Enamel fracture
enamel and dentine fracture
pulpal exposure
non-vital
avulsion
root fracture
displacement

Question 7

WHO classification

Answer 7

injuries to the hard dental tissues and the pulp
injuries to the periodontal tissues
injuries to the supporting bone
injuries to the skin, gingiva or oral mucosa

Question 8

Infraction

Answer 8

incomplete crack of enamel with no loss of tooth substance
diagnosed via transillumination

Question 9

Enamel fracture

Answer 9

Loss of tooth substance confined to enamel

Question 10

Enamel-dentine fractures

Answer 10

loss of tooth substance confined to enamel and dentine not involving the pulp
sensibility test - usually positive but may have a transient negative result

Question 11

Complicated crown fracture

Answer 11

Fracture of the enamel, dentine, exposing the pulp
sensibility testing - usually positive, lack of response indicates inc chance of pulp necrosis

Question 12

Uncomplicated crown root

Answer 12

fracture of enamel, dentine and cementum, exposing the pulp
visual examination reveals crown fracture extending below the gingival margin

Question 13

Uncomplicated crown root

Answer 13

fracture of enamel, dentine and cementum, exposing the pulp
visual examination reveals crown fracture extending below the gingival margin
ttp
coronal fragment mobile

Question 14

root fracture

Answer 14

dentine, cementum and pulp: apical/middle/coronal 1/3
visual exam reveals coronal fragment mobile
sensibility test usually negative

Question 15

concussion

Answer 15

no abnormal loosening or displacement but ttp
no inc mobility
ttp
positive sensibility
no radiograph abnormalities

Question 16

subluxation

Answer 16

tooth has increased mobility but no displacement
inc mobility
ttp
sensibility negative
no abnormal radiographic findings

Question 17

extrusive luxation

Answer 17

partial displacement of tooth from socket
tooth appears elongated
ttp
increased mobility
negative sensibility test
radiograph shows tooth displacement, apical portion of socket empty

Question 18

lateral luxation

Answer 18

displacement other than axially
along with communition of bone
displaced usually palatally/labially
negative sensibility testing
radiograph - widened PDL space

Question 19

Intrusion

Answer 19

displacement into bone with comminution or fracture of alveolar plate
tooth displaced axially into bone
no mobility
percussion gives high metallic sound
sensibility usually negative
radiographs usually show teeth appearing displaced
obliteration of pdl space

Question 20

avulsion

Answer 20

complete displacement of tooth from socket
visual tooth not present
check for not severe intrusion

Question 21

Laceration

Answer 21

wound resulting from a tear

Question 22

contusion

Answer 22

bruise
no break in mucosa
submucosal haemorrhage

Question 23

abrasion

Answer 23

superficial wound produced by scraping or rubbing of a surface