Endodontic Disease Flashcards
What is endodontic
Endodontics encompasses the study (practice) of the basic and
clinical sciences of normal dental pulp, the aetiology ,diagnosis,
prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries of the dental pulp
along with associated peri radicular conditions.
What is Hermann Prinz theory
“The object of the practice of clinical dentistry ..is to institute
preventative measures, to relieve suffering, and to cure disease.”
What is pulpal disease
Disease of the pulp, which is the nerve and blood vessels in the tooth
What is the pulp
Dental pulp is an unmineralized
tissue composed of soft
connective tissue, vascular,
lymphatic and nervous elements
that occupies the
central pulp cavity of each tooth.
It is soft tissue encased in hard
tissue.
What is apical disease (or periapical)
Apical periodontitis (also termed
periapical periodontitis) is an
acute or chronic inflammatory
lesion around the apex of a
tooth root, which is caused by
bacterial invasion of the pulp of
the tooth.
What is a common cause of endodontic disease
High sugar consumption
What is dental caries
Destruction of dental hard tissue by acid produced by bacteria
utilising dietary sugar. (and time)
What can progress from dental caries
Bacteria (microorganisms) from the caries can infect the pulp and cause pulpal disease
What is the result if the pulp becomes inflamed
Toothache
What are the two types of pulpitis
- reversible pulpitis
- irreversible pulpits
What is the treatment in reversible pulpitis
Remove the tooth decay and cover the pulp
What can be the treatment in irreversible pulpitis
- root canal
- tooth removal
Describe what happens when the ligament becomes inflammed
-apical periodontitis (infection around apex)
- progress to bone loss around the apex of the tooth
- can result in abscess
Describe an abscess
- can be acute/ chronic
- happens quickly, accumulation of pus
- happens slowly - chronic apical abscess
What can result in an abscess if left untreated
If an inflammed ligament apical periodontitis goes untreated
What are the warning signs of abscesses and cellulitis
- malaise (discomfort)
- fever
- cellulitis (inflammation)
- lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
- progressive and persistent swelling
What is a dental abscess
Dental abscess - a localized collection of pus that forms inside the teeth or gums which essentially initiate from bacterial infection.
What are the clinical features of a dental abscess
Intraoral features of dental abscess include pain, swelling, and erythema, whereas, extraoral symptoms comprise fever, swelling, tenderness to palpation, regional lymph node enlargement, spasm in the muscles (Flynn, 2000) in addition to trismus, hoarseness, and drooling.
Describe a dental cyst
Arises from cell rests of
mallassez, in the periodontal
ligament usually in response to
inflammation after pulp death.
What are some other causes of endodontic disease
- trauma
- periodontal disease
- latrogenic damage
What treatment can you do for endodontic disease
• Root canal treatment • Root canal re treatment • Peri radicular surgery • Extraction • Incision and drainage
What are some severe complications of an untreated dental abscess
• pulmonary pleural • retropharyngeal • intracranial infections
What are some potential complications of endodontic infection
Osteomyelitis of the mandible • Maxillary sinusitis and orbital abscess • Wound botulism • Ludwig’s angina • Necrotizing fasciitis • Cavernous sinus thrombosis • Persistent pyrexia of unknown origin • Septicaemia – Streptococcus milleri and Pseudomon
What are some non endodontic problems that can be mistaken for endodontic problems
- periodontal abscess
- sinusitis
- TMJD
- pericoronitis
- acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
- oral ulceration
- trauma
What is peri radicular surgery
Surgical removal of the root, last attempt at saving the tooth
